An farm is a land area devoted primarily to agricultural processes with the primary purpose of producing food and other crops; it is a basic facility in food production. This name is used for specialized units such as cultivated farms, vegetable farming, fruit fields, dairy farming, pigs and poultry, and land used for the production of natural fibers, biofuels and other commodities. These include farms, feedlots, gardens, plantations and estates, plasma plantations and hobbies, and include farmhouses and farm buildings as well as land. In modern times the term has been extended to include industrial operations such as wind farms and fish farms, both of which can operate on land or sea.
Agriculture originated independently in different parts of the world, as hunter-hunters turned to food production rather than, catching food. This may have started about 12,000 years ago with domestication of livestock in the Fertile Crescent in western Asia, soon followed by cultivation of crops. Modern units tend to specialize in plants or livestock best suited to the region, with finished products sold to retail markets or for further processing, with agricultural products traded worldwide.
Modern farming in developed countries is highly mechanized. In the United States, livestock can be raised in the rangeland and ending at the feeding site and the mechanization of crop production has led to a large decline in the number of required agricultural workers. In Europe, traditional family farming gives way to larger production units. In Australia, some farms are very large because the soil is not able to support high livestock density due to climatic conditions. In less developed countries, small farming is the norm, and the majority of the rural population are subsistence farmers, feeding their families and selling surplus products in local markets.
Video Farm
Etimologi Edit
The word in the sense of holding the agricultural land comes from the verb "to farm" the source of income, whether tax, customs, rent a group of manor or just to hold an individual manor by feudal land ownership "fee farm". This word is derived from the medieval Latin word firma , also the French word ferme , meaning contract, contract, from the classical Latin adjective firmus means strong, handsome, firm. As in the middle ages, almost all the manors were involved in the agricultural business, which was their primary source of income, so to keep the manor with a "fee" period synonymous with the practice of agriculture itself.
Maps Farm
History Edit
Agriculture has been innovated in different places and different places in human history. The transition from hunter-gatherer to settling, agricultural society is called the Neolithic Revolution and first started about 12,000 years ago, near the start of the Holocene geological age about 12,000 years ago. This is the world's first verifiable agricultural revolution in history. The next step-change in the practice of human agriculture was provoked by the British Agricultural Revolution of the 18th century, and the Green Revolution in the second half of the 20th century. Agriculture spread from the Middle East to Europe and by 4,000 BCs living in the middle of Europe using oxen to pull plows and carts.
Type of agriculture Edit
A farm can be owned and operated by an individual, family, community, company or company, can produce one or many types of products, and can be any size ranging from a fraction of an acre to several thousand hectares.
Plantations may operate under a monoculture system or with various crops or food crops, which may be separate from or combined with livestock raising. Specialist agriculture is often symbolized as such, so dairy farms, fish farms, poultry farms or mink farms.
Some farms may not use the word at all, then vineyards (wine), gardens (peanuts and other fruits), market gardens or "truck farms" (vegetables and flowers). Some ponds may be symbolized by their topographic location, such as hill fields, while large plantations that grow crops such as cotton or coffee can be called plantations.
Many other terms are used to describe farms to show their production methods, such as in a collective, corporate, intensive, organic or vertical.
Other farms may be primarily for research or education, such as ant farms, and because agriculture is synonymous with mass production, the word "farm" can be used to describe wind power plants or puppy farms.
Custom farm Edit
Dairy farm Edit
Dairy farming is a farming class, where female cows, goats, or other mammals are raised for their milk, which can be processed on-site or transported to milk for processing and ultimately retail sale There are many breeds of best-breeding livestock that include best Holstein , Norwegian Red, Kostroma, Brown Swiss, and more.
In most Western countries, centralized dairy facilities process milk and dairy products, such as cream, butter, and cheese. In the United States, dairies are usually local firms, while in southern hemisphere facilities may be run by large national or transnational corporations (such as Fonterra).
Dairy farms generally sell bulls for veal, as dairy breeds are usually unsatisfactory for commercial beef production. Many dairy farms also grow their own feed, usually including maize, alfalfa, and straw. These are fed directly to the cow, or stored as silage for use during the winter. Supplementary food supplements are added to the diet to increase milk production.
Poultry farm Edit
Poultry farms are devoted to raising chickens (eggs or broiler), turkey, duck, and other poultry, generally for meat or eggs.
Pig farm Edit
Pig farms are pig farms that specialize in raising pigs or pigs for pork, ham and other pork products and may be free, intensive, or both.
Ownership Edit
Agricultural control and ownership has traditionally been a leading indicator of status and power, especially in medieval European agrarian societies. Distribution of agricultural ownership is historically closely related to the form of government. Medieval feudalism is essentially a system that centralizes the control of agricultural land, the control of agricultural labor and political power, while early American democracy, in which land ownership is a prerequisite for the voting right, is built on a relatively easy path to individual agricultural holdings. However, the gradual modernization and mechanization of agriculture, which greatly increases both the efficiency and the necessity of agricultural capital, has led to ever greater livestock. This is usually accompanied by a separation of political power from agricultural ownership.
Form of ownership Edit
In some societies (especially socialists and communists), collective farming is the norm, either with government ownership of land or joint ownership by local groups. Particularly in societies without widespread industrial agriculture, rent-and-share farming is common; farmers pay landowners for the right to use agricultural land or to give away some of the crop.
Livestock around the world Edit
America Edit
Land and farm buildings are called "farmstead". The company where the cattle were raised in the rangeland is called farms . Where cattle are raised in confinement on feed produced elsewhere, the term feedlot is usually used.
In 1910 there were 6,406,000 farms and 10,174,000 family workers; In 2000 there were only 2,172,000 farms and 2,062,300 family workers. The share of US-operated livestock farms has risen steadily over the last few decades, from 5 percent in 1978 to 14 percent in 2007.
In the United States, there are more than three million migrant and seasonal agricultural workers; 72% were born overseas, 78% were male, they had an average age of 36 years and an average education of 8 years. The average farm worker makes hourly rates of $ 9-10 per hour, compared to an average of over $ 18 per hour for non-agricultural labor. Their average family income is under $ 20,000 and 23% live in families with incomes below the federal poverty level. Half of all families of agricultural workers earn less than $ 10,000 per year, which is well below the 2005 US poverty level of $ 19,874 for a family of four.
In 2007, hectares of maize are expected to increase by 15% due to high demand for ethanol, both inside and outside the US. Producers are expected to plant 90.5 million hectares (366,000 km²) of corn, making it the largest corn crop since 1944.
Asia Edit
Pakistan Edit
According to the World Bank, "the vast majority of empirical evidence suggests that agricultural productivity in large farms in Pakistan is lower than that of small farms, maintaining other constant factors." Small farmers have a "higher net income per hectare" than large farms, according to farm household income data.
Nepal Edit
Nepal is an agricultural country and about 80% of the total population is involved in agriculture. Rice is mainly produced in Nepal along with fruits like apples. Dairy farms and poultry farms also grow in Nepal.
Australia Edit
Agriculture is a significant economic sector in Australia. Agriculture is the land area used for primary production that will cover the building.
According to the United Nations, "green agriculture leads a larger share of total agricultural inputs to the purchase of locally sourced inputs (eg, labor and organic fertilizers) and local multiplier effects are expected to occur. labor inputs rather than conventional farming (eg from a comparable level of up to 30 percent more) (FAO 2007 and European Commission 2010), creating employment in rural areas and higher returns on labor inputs. "
Where most income comes from some other work, and agriculture really is an expanded residence, the term hobbies is common. This will allow sufficient size for recreational use but it is highly unlikely to generate enough revenue to become self-sufficient. Hobby farms are generally about 2 hectares (4.9 hectares) but may be much larger depending on land prices (which vary regionally).
Often the very small farms used for primary intensive production are called specialties used for them, such as dairy farms rather than dairy farms, pig farms, market gardens, etc. This also applies to feeding sites, which are specifically developed for one purpose and often can not be used for more general (mixed) farming practices.
In remote areas, farms can become very large. Like the plantations in the UK, there is no established size or method of operation in which large farms become stations.
Europe Edit
In the UK, agriculture as an agricultural unit, always shows areas of pasture and other fields along with farmhouses, farms and other buildings. Large farms, or groups of farms under the same ownership, may be called plantations. In contrast, small farms around the owner's dwellings are called small gardens and generally focus on self-sufficiency with only the surplus being sold.
Africa Edit
Agricultural equipment Edit
Agricultural equipment has evolved over the centuries from simple hand tools such as hoes, through cattle-drawn or horse-drawn apparatus and rakes, to highly technical modern machinery such as tractors, balers and combined harvester replacing what is very dense work works before the industrial revolution. Today many agricultural equipment is used in small, large, automated farms (eg using satellite-guided agriculture).
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments