Help:Referencing for beginners/sandbox

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Welcome to Wikipedia, References for beginners are designed to help you place references in your text, or add missing references to existing text. While there are many types of reference systems used on Wikipedia, only about four are now in general use. There are many types of beginners, who start out in many ways. This page will help you identify the most appropriate reference system for your editing context. This will give a practical example, then proceed to help you understand the rules we all follow, and what makes a good reference.

Reference is one of the core principles of wikipedia. For every fact typed into Wikipedia there should be a link to say where it came from. The Wikipedia software then displays the reference neatly at the bottom of the article. Academics are familiar with [footnotes and quotes in their professional journals - it's almost the same.

Video Help:Referencing for beginners/sandbox

Absolute basics

Keyboard skills

Many people use a keyboard without ever having a formal lesson. Copying and pasting can be done by highlighting the text and using Ctrl-c to copy, Ctrl-v to paste and Ctrl-z to undo the error.

References appear at the bottom of the article in a well-rendered list. This is sometimes called note , footnote , bibliography or citation . However the reference itself is embedded in text using tags, & lt; ref & gt; freetext & lt;/ref & gt; . It runs immediately after a punctuation with no spaces.

 == Section of the article ==  This is the text you want to verify by reference. & Lt; ref & gt; freetext & lt;/ref & gt;    == Reference ==  {{Reject}} 

It will be displayed (displayed) thus:

Article section

This is the text you want to verify by reference. [1]

Reference

1. ^ freetext

Whatever text, format, or template you put between these two tags, & lt; ref & gt;... & lt;/ref & gt; will appear in the "References" section as your reference. References in pair & lt; ref & gt;... & lt;/ref & gt; is in the article, anything placed after the {{reflist}} template or tag "& lt; reference/& gt; will not be displayed.

Note the reference position after the full stop; see also WP: REFPUNC.

Information to include

The simplest, the reference can be any text. Most likely it will include author name, year and page number. You need to enter enough information to allow readers to find your sources, and verify your facts. Wikipedia has four approved methods for displaying the references described below: any information, in any format is better than nothing. Other editors will eventually improve the format: help them by being as precise as possible.

Maps Help:Referencing for beginners/sandbox

Using a prepared template (found in the reftool editor bar)

References are very important to Wikipedia and a series of citation templates have been written to help in writing text that goes in & lt; ref & gt;... & lt;/ref & gt; pair. This ensures that the references shown \ in {{reflist}} render consistently. They can be written by hand - but are usually generated using a pop-up tool called refToolbar . There are two important caveats: refToolbar does not help you edit existing excerpts of a new one, the refToolbar found on a single Wikipedia user may differ from its neighbors depending on the preferences that each user can set. The default version is refToolbar (Version 2.0b) .

Using the refToolbar (Version 2.0b)

RefToolbar asks the editor to provide the required information. It also has the ability to automatically populate bibliographic data for many books published using only ISBNs, and academic journals or medical journal articles of reference numbers, which reduce errors and tedious cut-and-insert or retype.

Click on the play button on the picture on the right to view the tutorial video refToolbar 2.0b on how to use quote dialog.

Quotes in content text

• If you do not see the drop-down menu labeled Ã, Templates Ã, in the toolbar above the edit window, click " Cite " at the top of the bar tool to enable refToolbar.
• Position the cursor in the text you want the numbered links to your quote to appear. This should be at the end of relevant phrases, sentences, or paragraphs that have been verified by the citations (after any punctuation, see MOS: REFPUNC for more information).

Do not position the cursor at the very end of the article or in the == Reference ==

- place it directly after quote text verifies. Y

• Click on the drop-down menu labeled Ã, Templates Ã, , and select the type of quote you want to add ("web cite" to website, "quotes news "for newspaper articles," quoting books "for books, and" citing journals "for academic journals).
• After you select a type of quote, a new window will appear with a number of blank fields to fill. Fill in as many areas as you can. You can leave some fields blank, but be sure to at least give "Title" to avoid causing an error message when you save the page.

  Website

  When quoting from website , be sure to include the web address of the page in the "URL" field. Click on the button next to the "Access Date" column to indicate that you are checking the information on the website you are quoting today.

  Messages

  When quoting from books , there is a feature that will automatically populate many areas of information, avoiding manual entries from this data. ] If you can find the ISBN of the book, enter it into the ISBN field in the form, then click the icon to the right of it. The software will search the book information from the database on the Internet, and it automatically fills in many fields for you. You must verify that the information is true, because it is sometimes wrong, incomplete, or poorly formatted (especially if there are many authors). You should also add a page number or other information if available.

  Journal

  When quoting from journals , similar features may use PMID for many medical journal articles, or DOI for academic journals.

• After you have filled out the form, you can optionally click Preview button at the bottom to see the code to be inserted. If you then click on the "Show preview parsing" link under the code, you'll see quotes displayed as will appear in the finished article.
• When you are satisfied with the information in the citation form, click Insert button will close the form and add the code for your quote to the edit window in the location you've selected before choosing a type of quote. This information will appear as a superscript numbered link when you preview or save your edits.

When your edits are saved, the citation text in the body of the article will automatically appear in the References section. The references added using refToolbar can still be edited manually after being added; details on how to create or edit references manually are discussed in the user reference section, in the next section.

Quotes for the "Further reading" section

The refToolbar method can also be used to easily build the correct quote for the "Further Reading" or "References" section of an article. Use refToolbar as described above, and enter the quote in the "next reading" section then Show preview : manually edit newly inserted Wikisource text to remove & lt; ref & gt; and & lt;/ref & gt; tags to allow quotes to be displayed.

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Classic method for placing references in text (full reference)

Markup texts

Back to basics, references are included so readers can verify the accuracy of facts, but for the wrong reasons we need a consistent approach. Customs and practices state that the results given should resemble Harvard quotes described in the Chicago style manual. Academics are very comfortable with this style and can easily type or copy such references without the help of refToolbar. This method is the most flexible - and can cope with the most extreme variations in the data to be displayed, and allows to cut and paste simply from an online dissertation. In other cases refToolBar is faster.

The References , notes , footnotes , bibliography or quotes appear at the bottom articles in well-rendered lists. However the reference itself is embedded in text using tags, & lt; ref & gt; freetext & lt;/ref & gt; . Expand on the method already indicated:

 == Section of the article ==  : This is the text that you will verify with reference from the book. & Lt; ref & gt; {{Alt, Peter-Andrà ©  © (2005). Franz Kafka: Der ewige Sohn. Eine Biographie (in German). MÃÆ'¼nchen: Verlag C.H. Beck. {{ISBN | 978-3-406-53441-6}}. & Lt;/ref & gt;  : This is the text that you will verify with reference from the journal. & Lt; ref & gt; Banakar, Reza (Autumn 2010). "In Search of Heimat: A Note on the Franz Kafka Legal Concept". Law and Literature (Berkeley, California) 22 (2). doi: 10.2139/ssrn.1574870. SSRN 1574870. & lt;/ref & gt;  : This is the text that you will verify with reference from the website. & Lt; ref & gt; Kafka, Franz (2012). "Franz Kafka's Letter to His Father". Kafka-Franz. Archived from the original on July 13, 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2012. & lt;/ref & gt;    == Reference ==  {{Reject}} 

It will be displayed (displayed) thus:

Article section

This is the text you will verify with reference from the book. [1]

This is the text you want to verify with reference from the journal. [2]

This is the text that you will verify with reference from the website. [3]

Reference

1. ^ Alt, Peter-Andrà ©  © (2005). Franz Kafka: Der ewige Sohn. Eine Biographie (in German). MÃÆ'¼nchen: Verlag C.H. Beck. {{ISBN | 978-3-406-53441-6} }.

2. ^ Banakar, Reza (Fall 2010). "In Search of Heimat: A Note on the Franz Kafka Legal Concept". Law and Literature (Berkeley, California) 22 (2). doi: 10.2139/ssrn.1574870. SSRN 1574870.

3. ^ Kafka, Franz (2012). "Franz Kafka's Letter to His Father". Kafka-Franz. Archived from the original on July 13, 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2012.

The citation template

The quotes template used by refToolBar can be entered manually and edited later to add missing information. This is placed in the content text within the & lt; ref & gt;... & lt;/ref & gt; . Such formatting is preferred. Here are some options:

The citation template will be used for reference of other forms. They are powerful tools.

The same reference is used more than once

When the first reference appears in the article, you can give it a simple reference name in the code & lt; ref & gt; first. To avoid a name clash, you can use the author name followed by the publication year, or a shortened version of the title. If you want to use it often, choose a unique, easy to remember, and easy-to-type refname.

& lt; ref name = "smith2008" & gt; DETAILS OF REFERENCE & lt;/ref & gt;

The next time you quote the same reference in the article, you can use this shortcut instead of retyping (note "/" at the end):

& lt; ref name = "smith2008"/& gt;

You can then use the refname shortcut as many times as you like (but never forget "/", or will empty the rest of the section).

For an example article where there are three sources, and each is referenced three times, see William Bowyer (artist). For more details see WP: REFNAME.

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The basic method for quoting many pages from one book (academic markup)

 Based on text-format but existing standardization, and simplifying grammatical structure  

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Marking with footnotes and references and bibliography

Notes and references

The above method is simple and combines references and notes into one section. Enhancements are putting full details of the references in their own section titled "References", while the notes that apply to them appear in a separate section entitled "Notes". Records can be included in the main article text in a short form. To add a quote:

 & lt; ref name = "smith" & gt; Smith, 1946, p = 157 & lt;/ref & gt;  

this will appear in {{reflist}} at the end of the article. At the end of the article, the markup is as follows:

 == See also ==  == Note ==  Â Â Â Â {{re-listing | 2}}  == Reference ==  Â Â Â Â * Complete Quotation 1  Â Â Â Â * Complete Quotation 2  Â Â Â Â * Complete Quote n  == Further reading and external links ==  

The separation of "Notes" and "References" in this way is in line with scientific work.

Footnotes, notes and references

Further improvements used by some scientific editors are using notes and footnotes. For example, an article about Franz Kafka is referred to in this way by using two useful templates. {{sfn}} and {{efn}} . Throughout the article you add a reference so:

 {{sfn | Smith | 1889 | p = 157}} or {{sfn | Smith | Jones | 1892 | pp = 213-218}}  

ie name, year and page reference or author, second author, year and page reference. The complete quote, generated by the above method is added (without the reference tag) to the Bibliography section.

 {{efn | Free text notes}}  

inserted in the text and will appear in {{notelist}} It has many uses.

The last part of the article provides links for references and notes: they take this sign.

 == See also ==  == Note ==  Â Â Â Â {{notelist}}  == Reference ==  Â Â Â Â === Quote ===  Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â {{re-listing | 2}}  Â Â Â Â === Bibliography ===  Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â * Complete Quotation 1  Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â * Complete Quotation 2  Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â * Complete Quote n  Â Â Â Â === Further reading ===  Â Â Â Â Â Â Â * More Quotes 1  Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â * Citation Next 2  Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â * Citation Next n  == External links ==  

This method is useful when you create multiple page references from a limited number of books. It depends on the Author's name and Year of the Year to create a link. Which system ever used tried consistently.

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Using Wikipedia/media tools for reference to modern books

There are a number of tools available to help with placement and citation formatting.

Yarkard

The Yarkard button generates excerpts from the ISBN, DOI, or URL. It does a similar job with the ISBN-autofill on some of the RefToolbar templates.

Set up your computer

This tool is in your browser (Firefox, Opera, Crome). To set it up you need to look for Yarkard ISBN expander page, press Ctrl-D to set it as a bookmark. In the dialog, you give the place option to place it, choose the toolbar, and what to call, choose something short like ISBN-sfn . When you need it-ready.

Using Yarkard

Click on the button ISBN-sfn , the screen opens- and you type the ISBN, DOI or URL into the box and click Send References named or reference pair sfn are transferred to a page with standard copy and paste techniques.

More Tools

Reload and re-edit the reference by adding basic information to a blank URL in the citation. The Simple Tool for Google Books converts the long Google Books URL into a refilled {{cite book}} template inserted into the article.

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Do and do not

Inserting a reference

Generally sources are added immediately after the facts they support at the end of a sentence and after the punctuation. Wikipedia allows editors to use a citation system that allows readers to understand where it came from, and strongly encourages the use of inline quotations to do so. Common methods of placing an inline quote include footnotes, footnotes, and parenthetical references.

Good references

The quote to the reference must verify the statement in the text. To verify the "Mike Brown climb Mount Everest" statement, you can not rely on general references about Mount Everest or references to Mike Brown. You need to quote a source that directly supports a statement about his achievement.

You must use reliable sources, such as published books and mainstream press publications. Y

Blogs, Facebook, MySpace, YouTube, SoundCloud, fan sites, and extreme minority texts are usually unacceptable, as are original research (for example, your unpublished essays or research, or self-published, or other Wikipedia articles).

If the reference source is a long book, paper, or article, you must provide certain chapters, sections, or page numbers if possible, to save the reader from having to search the entire document.

Date format

This format is preferred for date:

January 27, 2007

January 27, 2007

2007-01-27

Refname rule

Generating refnames as suggested above is not difficult, but the complete rules are quite detailed. View: Reference rule

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The old method

 Based on text-format but existing standardization, and simplifying grammatical structure  

Reference page

If a frequently used reference is a book or a long piece of paper or article, it is helpful to have separate page references for specific facts. To avoid excessive repetition of standard bibliographic information for each different page reference, you can use Template: Refpage, which adds the page number as a superscript after a regular reference superscript. For an example of how this is applied, see the article about Frank Oppenheimer.

== Displays references at the end of the page == noh petreson

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See also

• Help: Reference introducer

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Footnote

Source of the article : Wikipedia