News style

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News style style , or news writing style is the prose style used for reporting news in the media such as newspapers, radio, and television.

The style of news includes not only the vocabulary and sentence structure, but also the way the story presents information in terms of the relative importance, tone, and intended audience. The tense that is used for news style articles is past.

News writing tries to answer all the basic questions about a particular event - who, what, when, where and why (Five Ws) and also often how - in the opening of the article. This form of structure is sometimes called an "inverted pyramid", to refer to the declining importance of information in subsequent paragraphs.

The news also contains at least one of the following key characteristics relating to the intended audience: proximity, clarity, timeliness, human interest, weirdness, or consequences.

The terms related journals are sometimes used, usually condescending, to refer to the writing of news styles. Others are headlinese.

Video News style

Overview

Newspapers generally adhere to the expository writing style. Over time and place, journalism ethics and standards vary in the level of objectivity or sensationalism they combine. The definition of professionalism differs among news agencies; Their reputation, according to professional standards and reader expectations, is often associated with the emergence of objectivity. In its most ideal form, news writing tries to be understood by most readers, interesting, and succinct. Within these limits, the news also aims to be comprehensive. However, other factors are involved, some styles and some come from the form of media.

Among the larger and more respected newspapers, fairness and equilibrium are the main factors in presenting information. Comments are usually limited to separate sections, although each paper may have a whole different slant. Editorial policy dictates the use of adjectives, euphemisms, and idioms. Newspapers with international audiences, for example, tend to use a more formal writing style.

Specific choices made by editor or editorial news outlets are often collected in style guides; general style guides including AP Stylebook and US News Style Book . The main purpose of news writing can be summarized by ABC journalism: accuracy, brevity, and clarity.

Maps News style

Requirements and structure

Journalistic prose is explicit and precise and tries not to rely on jargon. As a rule, journalists will not use long words when short ones will be done. They use subject-verb-object and vivid constructions, active prose (see Grammar). They offer anecdotes, examples and metaphors, and they rarely rely on generalizations or abstract ideas. News writers try to avoid using the same word more than once in a paragraph (sometimes called "echo" or "word mirror").

Kicker

The last story story story; "happy" story to end the show. Short or interesting words or phrases above the main heading.

Title

title (also title , head or title , or hed in journalistic jargon) of a story is usually a complete sentence (eg, "Flying Pilot Under a Bridge to Save Divers"), often with auxiliary verbs and deleted articles (eg, "Stay in Colorado camps linked to missing Chicago people"). However, headlines sometimes remove the subject (eg, "Jumps From Boat, Catches in Wheel") or verbs (eg, "Lucky cat lady").

< span id = "Deck"> Subhead

A subtitle (also subtitle , subtitle , subtitle or deck ; < i> subhed or deck in the jargon of journalism) can be subordinate titles under the main heading, or sub-section title of the article. This is a title that precedes the main text, or a group of paragraphs from the main text. This helps summarize the whole section, or tells the reader the topic topic. Long or complex articles often have more than one subtitle. Subheads are one type of entry point that helps the reader make choices, such as where to start (or continue) reading.

span id = "Pull_quotation"> Billboard

A billboards article is a capsule summary text, often just a sentence or fragment, inserted into a sidebar or text box (reminiscent of an outer billboard) on the same page to grab the reader's attention as they flip through pages to encourage them to stop and read the article. When it consists of a (sometimes compressed) sample of the article text, it is known as an outgoing call or callout, and when it consists of quotes (eg subject articles, informants, or the person being interviewed), this is referred to as a pulled quote or a pull quote. Additional billboards of this type may appear later in the article (especially on the next page) to draw further reading. Journalistic websites sometimes use animation techniques to exchange one billboard with another (eg a call-out slide can be replaced with a photo with a pull quote after a short period of time). The billboards are also used as a bookmark to articles in other parts of the publication or site, or as advertisements for sections in publications or other sites. < range>

The most important structural elements of a story are leading (or intros/ledge) in the jargon of journalism), including the first story, or lead, sentence or two, which may or may not form its own paragraph. The spelling of the lede of the early modern English is used in American English, initially to avoid confusion with the type of print previously made of lead metal or the term "reputable" related typography.

Charney states that "effective leads are 'brief and sharp remarks of important facts of the story.'" Lead is usually the first sentence, or in some cases, the first two sentences, and has an ideal length of 20-25 words. The leader must balance the ideal maximum information conveyed with the inability constraints of a long sentence. This makes writing an optimization problem lead, in which the objective is to articulate the most compelling and interesting statements that can be made by the author in one sentence, given the material that he has to work on. While the rule of thumb says leads should answer most or all of the five W's, some leads can be a match for all of these.

To " bury prospects " is to start an article with background information or details that are secondary to the reader, forcing them to read more in an article than they should do to find an important point (s). Burying leadership is characteristic of academic writing style. This is also a common mistake in press releases.

Lead articles are sometimes categorized into difficult leads and gentle leads. A loud lead is aimed at providing a comprehensive thesis that tells the reader what the article will discuss. A soft lead introduces the topic in a more creative, attention-seeking way, and is usually followed by a short paragraph (or nut graf), a brief summary of facts.

Example of hard-lead paragraph

NASA proposes another space project. Agency budget requests, announced today, include plans to send another mission to the moon. This time the agency hopes to build a long-term facility as a jumping-off point for other space adventures. The budget request is about $ 10 billion for the project.

Sample soft-lead sentence

Man will go to the moon again. The NASA announcement came because the agency asked for $ 10 billion in allocations for the project.

Short paragraph

A short paragraph (also shortly , or bean 'chart , nut graf , nutgraf , etc., in the journalistic jargon) is a short paragraph (sometimes there can be more than one) that summarizes the news value of the story, occasionally tipping and/or departing in the box. The nut-shell paragraph is used primarily in the feature story (see "Style features" below) .

Paragraph

Paragraph (abbreviated as 'graphics , graphics , graph or pars in journalistic jargon ) form most articles.

Inverted pyramid structure

Journalists usually describe the organization or structure of a news story as an inverted pyramid. The main and most interesting elements of a story are laid out at the beginning, with supporting information following in an increasingly diminishing importance.

This structure allows readers to stop reading at any point and keep coming up with the essence of a story. This allows people to explore a topic only to the depth of their curiosity, and without the imposition of any detail or nuance they find irrelevant, but still make that information available to more interested readers.

The inverted pyramid structure also allows the article to be trimmed into arbitrary lengths during the layout, to fit the available space.

The author often admonishes "Do not bury the instructions!" to ensure that they present the most important facts first, rather than asking the reader to go through a few paragraphs to find it.

Some authors start their story with "1-2-3 lead", but there are many types of lead available. This format always begins with the opening paragraph "Five W" (as described above), followed by an indirect quote that serves to support the main element of the first paragraph, and then a direct quote to support an indirect quote.

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Style features <

News is not the only type of material that appears in newspapers and magazines. Longer articles, such as magazine cover articles and pieces that lead the inside of a newspaper, are known as features . Feature stories are different from news straight in several ways. Most important is the absence of live news leads, most of the time. Instead of offering the essence of a story up front, feature writers can try to captivate readers.

Although live news is always in the third person's point of view, usually feature articles go to the first person. Journalists often detail the interaction with interview subjects, making them more personal.

The first paragraph of a feature often associates an interesting moment or event, as in "anecdotal instructions". From one's special things or episodes, his views quickly expand to the general about the subject of the story.

The gesture section of what the feature is called is nut graph or billboard . Billboards appear as the third or fourth paragraph from the top, and can be up to two long paragraphs. Unlike leads, billboards seldom give you everything. This reflects the fact that feature writers aim to hold the attention of their readers to the end, which requires arousing curiosity and offering "results." The feature paragraphs tend to be longer than news, with a smoother transition between them. Feature writers use active verb construction and concrete explanations of direct news but often place more personality in their prose.

Feature stories often close with "kicker" instead of fading.

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Other countries

There are many similar formats in other cultures, with some special characteristics for each country.

Japanese

Written Japanese in general, and news writing in particular, places a strong emphasis on brevity, and features heavy use of the Sino-Japanese vocabulary and grammatical omissions to be used in speech. Most often, a two-character kanji compound is used to express a concise concept that would otherwise require a long clause if using spoken language. Nominalization is also common, often condensing phrases into kanji strings. Abbreviations are also common, reducing the term or kanji into only the initial characters (as in the acronyms in the alphabetical writing system); these abbreviated terms may not be used in spoken language, but can be understood from viewing characters in context. In addition, titles are written in telegram style, producing a truncated phrase that is not a grammatical sentence. Larger articles, especially front page articles, also often have a one paragraph summary at the beginning.

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See also

• Articles (publishing)
• Journal

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References

Note

Bibliography

• Linda Jorgensen. Real World Newsletters (1999)
• Mark Levin. The Reporter's Notebook: Writing Tools for Student Journalists (2000)
• Buck Ryan and Michael O'Donnell. Toolbox Editor: Reference Guide for Beginners and Professionals, (2001)
• Allan M. Siegal and William G. Connolly. The New York Times Style and Usage Manual: Official Style Guide Used by Author and Most Official Newspaper Editor of the World, (2002)
• M. L. Stein, Susan Paterno, and R. Christopher Burnett, The Newswriter's Handbook Introduction to Journalism (2006)
• Bryan A. Garner. The Winning Brief: 100 Tips for Persuasive Briefings in Trial and Appeals Courts (1999)
• Philip Gerard, Creative Nonfiction: Researching and Creating Real Life Stories (1998)
• Steve Peha and Margot Carmichael Lester, Be Authors: Your Guide to the Life of Writing (2006)
• Andrea Sutcliffe. New York Public Library Author's Guide for Style and Usage, (1994)
• Bill Walsh, The Elephants of Style: Trunkload Tips on the Big Trouble and Gray Area of ​​Contemporary American English (2004)

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External links

• Basic News Writing
• Chart - Real and False News (2014)

(2016)/Research Center Pew

Source of the article : Wikipedia