Beach Volleyball is a team sport played by two teams of two players in a sand field divided by nets. As in volleyball in the room, the goal of the game is to send the ball over the net and land on the opponent's field, and to prevent the same attempt by the opponent. A team is allowed up to three touches to return the ball over the net. The ball is put in play with a serve - hit by the server from behind the back court threshold over the net to the opponent. The race continues until the ball is grounded on the playing field, "out", or is not returned properly. The winning team gives a score of one point and serves to start the next rally. The four players serve in the same order throughout the game, changing the server every time a rally is won by the receiving team.
Beach volleyball most likely originated in 1915 at Waikiki Beach in Hawaii, while the game of two modern players originated in Santa Monica, California. This is an Olympic sport since the 1996 Summer Olympics. The FÃÆ' Â © dation Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB) is the international body for sport, and hosts the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Championships and an international professional beach volleyball circuit known as the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour.
Video Beach volleyball
History
Beach volleyball is a variant of indoor volleyball, which was discovered in 1895 by William G. Morgan. Beach volleyball most likely originated in 1915 at Waikiki Beach in Hawaii, at Outrigger Canoe Club. According to a 1978 interview from Outrigger Canoe Club members, George David's "Dad" Center put up a net there, and the first recorded beach volleyball match took place. In 1920, a new dock in Santa Monica, California created a large sandy area for public enjoyment, planting seeds for the development of beach volleyball in the region. The first permanent nets began to emerge, and people soon started playing recreational games on the public beach and in private beach clubs. Eleven such beach clubs appeared in the Santa Monica area, beginning in late 1922. The first inter-club competition was staged in 1924.
Most of these early beach volleyball matches were played with teams of at least six players per side, much like indoor volleyball. The concept of a modern two-person beach volleyball game is credited to Paul "Pablo" Johnson of the Santa Monica Athletic Club. In the summer of 1930, while waiting for players to appear in six games at the Santa Monica Athletic Club, Johnson decided to try to play with only four people present, forming two two-man teams for the first recorded beach volleyball. double game. The players recognize that with fewer players on the pitch, higher players' higher gains can be neutralized by the speed and control of the shorter ball of the player. The popularity of the two-man game spread to other nearby beach clubs and finally to the public court. Although recreational games continue to be played with more players, the most playable version of the game, and the only contested at the elite level, has only two players per team.
Beach volcanoes became more and more popular in the United States during the Great Depression in the 1930s because it was an inexpensive activity. This sport also began to emerge in Europe so far. In the 1940s, a double tournament was played on Santa Monica's beach for a trophy. In 1948 the first tournament to offer the prize was held in Los Angeles, California. It was awarded the best team with the Pepsi case, provided by Dr. Caleb Mohrhauser, often noted as one of the most enthusiastic customers of early beach volleyball. In 1960, attempts to start a professional volleyball were made in Santa Monica. Failed, but a professional tournament was held in France for 30,000 French francs. In the 1950s, Brazil's first beach volleyball tournament was held, sponsored by a newspaper publishing company. The first Manhattan Beach Open was held in 1960, a tournament that grew in prestige to be, in the eyes of some, "Wimbledon of Beach Volleyball".
Meanwhile, beach volleyball gained popularity: in the 1960s The Beatles tried to play in Los Angeles and US president John F. Kennedy was seen attending the game. In 1974, there was an indoor tournament: "Indoor 2-Man Volleyball Championships for $ 1500.00" played in front of 4,000 volleyball fans at the San Diego Sports Arena. Fred Zuelich teamed up with Dennis Hare to defeat Ron Von Hagen and Matt Gage in the championship game, Winston Cigarettes is his sponsor. Dennis Hare went on to write the first book on beach volley: Beach Volleyball .
The first professional beach volleyball tournament was the Olympia World Championship of Beach Volleyball, staged on Labor Day weekend, 1976, at Will Rogers State Beach in Pacific Palisades, California. The event was hosted by David Wilk of Santa Barbara-based magazine Volleyball . The winners, the first "world champion", are Greg Lee and Jim Menges. They divide US $ 2,500 from the total prize of US $ 5,000.
Volley staged the event next year at the same location, this time sponsored by Schlitz Light Beer. In 1978 Wilk formed a sports promotional company called the Event Concept with Craig Masuoka and moved the World Volleyball Championship Beach to Redondo Beach, California. Jose Cuervo signed up as a sponsor and prize wallet. The event was a success and Cuervo funded the expansion next year to three events. The California Pro Beach Tour debuted with events at Laguna Beach, Santa Barbara and the World Championships at Redondo.
In the following years, the tour was nationally expanded and was named the Volleyball Tour of Pro Beach. It consists of five events in California and tournaments in Florida, Colorado, and Chicago. In 1984, Pro Beach comprised 16 events nationwide and had a total prize of US $ 300,000. At the end of the year, however, the Event Concept was forced out of the sport by a player strike at the World Championships and the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) was founded.
At the professional level, the sport remained unclear until the 1980s when beach volleyball experienced a surge of popularity with top players such as Sinjin Smith, Randy Stoklos and Karch Kiraly. Kiraly won an Olympic gold medal on beach volleyball in her first Olympic appearance in 1996, adding that on two Olympic gold she won as part of an American men's indoor team, and has won 142 titles. In the 1980s, this sport gained popularity on Copacabana and Ipanema beaches in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In 1986, the first international beach volleyball festival was held in Rio de Janeiro with 5,000 spectators.
In 1987, the first FIVB-sanctioned international tournament was played on the Ipanema beach in Rio de Janeiro, with a $ 22,000 prize wallet. This was won by Sinjin Smith and Randy Stoklos. In 1989, the first FIVB-sanctioned international circuit, called the World Series, was hosted with men's tournaments in Brazil, Italy and Japan. FIVB and the continental confederation began organizing professional tournaments around the world and laid the foundation for the sport's Olympic debut in 1996. The first FIVB Beach Volleyball World Championships and the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour were held the following year. In 1998, the sport has been added to other multi-sport events including Pan American Games, Central American Games, Southeast Asian Games, Goodwill Games and Universiade. In 2001, FIVB began organizing the FIVB Beach Volleyball U21 World Championships, with the FIVB Beach Volleyball U19 World Championship starting next year.
Despite its increasing popularity in the 1980s and 1990s, the American coastal volley was declining. In 1998, an American women's professional tour - WPVA - and a tour of American professional men - AVP - filed for bankruptcy, plagued by problems as a player-managed organization. In 2001, AVP reappeared as a publicly traded non-profit company that combines professional men and women tours, with equal prize money for both genders. After filing for bankruptcy again in 2010, AVP reappears under new leadership in 2013 as the premier professional beach volleyball tour in the United States.
Beach volleyball has become a global sport, with international competitions organized by FIVB. Brazil and the United States are dominant, with 20 of the 30 Olympic medals awarded to date between them, and 16 of the 20 gold and silver medals. But the popularity of the sport has spread all over the world as well.
Maps Beach volleyball
Rules
The FÃÆ' Â © dÃÆ' Â © ration Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB) is the international body for sport. FIVB publishes Official Coastal Volley Regulations every four years, as approved by the FIVB congress, which provides a framework for how beach volleyball is played internationally.
Court
Beach volleyball is played on a rectangular sand field. The court is 16 m (52.5 ft) long and 8 m (26.2 ft) wide, surrounded by a clear space, which is at least 3 m (9.8 ft) wide on all sides. Minimum height permit for beach volleyball is 7 m (23.0 ft). Sand should be as high as possible and free from potential dangers such as stones that can cause injury to the player.
The court is divided into two equal parts with a net of 8.5 m (27.9 ft) in length and 1 m (3 ft 4 in) wide. The top of the net is 2.43 m (7 ft 11 11/16 in) above the court center for the male competition, and 2.24 m (7 ft 4 3/16 in) for the women's competition, varying for veterans and junior competitions. Antenna, length 1.8 m (5Ã, ft 10.9 in) and 20 mm (0.8 inches), attached to each side of the edge of the net. The antenna is considered part of the net and extends 80 cm (31.5 inches) above it, forming a lateral border where the ball is allowed to cross.
Two side lines and two end lines, measuring 5 cm (2.0 inches), describe the playing field.
Ball
The FIVB rules state that the ball must be round and made of flexible and waterproof material, so it is suitable for outdoor conditions. The beach volley ball has a circumference of 66-68 cm, weight 260-280 g and a pressure in 0.175-0.225 kg/cm 2 .
Team
A team consists of two players, who must always play and can not be replaced or replaced. When a ball is struck by a server, each team must be inside its own court (with server exception), but no position is specified in court, so no position errors can be made.
Scoring
Point, set, match
A team scores points when: the ball lands on the opposing team's court; the opposing team hits the ball "out"; the opposing team made a mistake; or the opposing team receives a penalty. The team that won the points serves for the next point. The ball is considered "out" if: land on the ground completely outside the boundary (the ball is "in" if any part touches the edge or end line); touching an object or person (who is not a player) out of court; touching the net antenna; not crossing the lateral border of the net (within the antenna) during service or during the contact of the three teams; traverse completely under the net.
A set was won by the first team to reach 21 points (15 points in the decider set) with a two point lead. So, if the score is 21-20 (or 15-14 in the last set) this set continues. The first team to win the two sets won the game.
Error
Errors are made when the referee judges that the team has committed a play that violates the rules. When the team makes a mistake, the opposing team receives one point and gets the right to serve. If both teams make mistakes simultaneously, the point will play back. Common errors include:
- Four clicks: when the team uses more than three contacts before returning the ball over the net
- Assisted hit: players using teammates or any object as support for hitting the ball in the play area
- Double contact: when a player calls the ball twice in a row
- Catch/lift: player captures or throws a ball
- Service order error: team serving service order
- Foot error: the foot of a player touches the court (including the finish line) before or during a service blow
- A clean touch: a player touches the net between the antenna or the antenna itself while playing the ball
Changes to the main rule
In the 1990s, the Internationale de Volleyball Stadium reduced the standard internal pressure for beach volleyball from the indoor standard of 0.30-0.325 kgf/cm 2 to 0.175-0.225 kgf/cm 2 , and increase the standard round of beach volley from indoor standard 65-67 cm to 66-68 cm. In the 2001 season, FIVB began testing the rule changes to court size and appraisal systems. The dimension of the beach volleyball field was reduced from the size of the indoor field of 9 m m-18 m (29.5 ft Ã, 59.1 ft) to 8 m m-16 m (26.2 ft ÃÆ'â € "52.5Ã, ft), and the scoring system is changed from the side assessment, where only the serving team can score points, to collect the score, where one point is printed on each service. The Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) adopted the changed FIVB rules that same year, which disappointed many puritan sports at the time. The new rules were officially adopted by FIVB in 2002.
Differences with indoor games
Beach volleyball is basically similar to indoor volleyball. However, there are some differences between the two games that affect strategy, gameplay, and player techniques. The main differences in indoor beach rules and volleyball for international competition governed by FIVB include:
- Facilities and supplies
- Surfing surfaces: Beach volleyball is played on a sand field, not on a hard court like in volleyball indoors. The softer sand makes it harder for the player to move and jump, but also reduces the chance of injury like a jumper's knee. Footwear is not necessary and players usually play barefoot or with "sand socks".
- Environment: Beach games are often played outdoors, and environmental factors such as wind, rain, and the sun affect the strategy of beach players.
- Court Size: A beach volleyball court is 8 m m-16 m (26,2Ã, ft ÃÆ'â € "52.5Ã, ft), slightly smaller than 9 mÃÆ' Ã,ÃÆ' â €" 18 m (29, 5 Ã, ft ÃÆ' â € "59.1 ft.) Indoor field.
- Balls: Beach volleyball is watertight and slightly larger than indoor ball, with a rougher external texture and lower internal pressure to better suit outdoor play conditions.
- Participants
- Number of players: There are two players on the beach volleyball team and no substitute, compared with an indoor volley that has six players and six substitutes per set. This means that a beach volleyball player needs a variety of skills, not just one skill. Fewer players in court also resulted in the use of more variations of shooting attacks on beach volleyball.
- Training during games is not allowed, although exceptions are granted for junior tournaments.
- Apart from back and forth service orders, no player-specific rules
- -No restrictions on which players can attack from any location (such as back-row or liberos players in indoor volley)
- -No positional errors: players can switch sides as they like
- Playback format
- Rating system: Beach volleyball is the best of 3 sets played to 21 points (15 points for the decider set).
- Changing sides: Unlike in indoor volley, beach volleyball changes the end of the field every seven points (every five points in the decider set). This ensures that both teams have no advantage due to environmental factors such as wind and solar glare.
- Play action
- Open ends and dinks are allowed in indoor volleyball with six people but not in two beach volleyball, as they will allow beach players to score points easily. â € <â € <
- The touch of block counting as one of the three touches allowed on beach volleyball, and one player can do the next touch after the block.
- It is legal to cross below the net on a beach volley as long as it does not interfere with the opponent's game.
- The overhead pass is different because the threshold for double contact errors is tighter on beach volleyball, especially when receiving non-hard-driven balls or redirecting the ball over the net, while the threshold for a softer lift in beach volley. Because of these differences, lump arrangement (forearm) is more common in beach games.
Gameplay
The team started on the opposite side of the net. One team is designated as a serving team and the opposing team is the recipient team . A coin toss is performed by the referee before heating to determine which team serves first and the side of the field where the team starts for the first two sets. If a third set of decisers is required, another coin toss will be done before the third set. The service sequence decides on a coin throw before a set is maintained across the set.
For each point, players of the serving team start up serve by throwing the ball into the air and trying to hit the ball so over the net on the pitch as it will land on the team's opponent. The opposing team must use a combination of no more than three contacts with the ball to return the ball to the opposing side of the goal. These contacts usually consist of the first of the bumps or passed by the receiving player; seconds from is set by the teammates of the recipient team so that the ball trajectory leads to the place where the receiving player can hit it, and the third by the recipient who is nail (jumps, raises one arm above head and hit the ball so it will move quickly to the ground on the opposing field) or shoot to return the ball over the net. Teams with possession of the ball attempting to attack the ball as described are said to be in violation .
Teams in defense will try to prevent the attackers from directing the ball to their court: a player on the net jumps and reaches over the top (and if possible, across the plane) from the net to block the ball being attacked. If a ball is struck, over, or through a block, the defender behind the blocker tries to control the ball by dig (usually the forearm). After successful excavations, the team transitions to attack.
The game continues in this way, moving back and forth, until the ball touches the court within the bounds or until an error is made.
The team replaces the end of the field after every 7 points (sets 1 and 2) and 5 points (set 3) are played. When a total of 21 points (adding scores from both teams) there is a technical timeout. Each team can request one set per time.
Player specialization
Although no position is set, competitive players will generally have a special defensive role:
- Blocker : The task of the blocker is to take part of the court (eg a line or angle) with its block. High is the gain in blocking.
- Defender : The defender's responsibility is to position himself in an area not blocked by a block to extract a hard-driven spike or pursue a soft shot. Dexterity, speed, and digging skills are important factors in defense.
Some competitive teams have no specialization, with two players in turn blocking and playing defense. This enables them to save energy as energy demand on the sand is higher.
Competitive players also tend to specialize in playing on the right or left side of the field. This enables greater consistency in receiving service and shooting selection. Left-handers generally prefer to play on the right side while left-handers generally prefer to play on the left side, as it is easier to soar a ball that has not crossed a person's body line.
Characteristics of hit
The ball can touch any part of the body (except during service, when only hands or arm can make contact), but must be beaten, not captured or thrown. During the beating, players can only make contact with the ball once. When two players from the same team call the ball simultaneously, it counts as two strokes, and one player can make the next contact. When two players from the opposing team contact the ball simultaneously over the net, in what is known as joust , the team whose team ends up is entitled to three other contacts.
When receiving the ball from a punch that is not hard pushed, the ball must be contacted "clean". If a player receives the ball with open arms, the contact of each hand with the ball must be precise simultaneously. In practice, this means that serving is never welcome with open arms. When receiving a strong opponent attack, multiple contacts (provided both contacts occur in one action) and/or a little bit of ball lift is allowed. Specifically, in the defensive action of the hard-driven ball, the ball can be held for a moment with a finger.
When using an overhand pass (the hand is separated, the ball is handled with the fingers) as the second touch of three teams (usually with the intent of "organizing" the ball, so other players can make more effective attacks), the standard for double contact /i> lighter than when receiving or attacking, though still much tighter than in indoor volleyball. The standard for an elevator error when overhand pass is less stringent than in indoor games - it is legitimate to allow the ball to rest for a short period of time.
The hit-attack using the "open end or dink" directs the ball with an illegal finger, as are the hits-attack using an overhand pass to direct the ball on a path that is not perpendicular to the shoulder line (overhand pass that accidentally wade clean is an exception ). The differences between indoor volleyball and beach volleyball greatly affect tactics and techniques.
Block signals
The beach volleyball players use hand signals to show their partner the type of block they want to make (if they are designated blockers) or whom they want their partners to make (if they are designated defenders). Blocking signals are important for blockers and defenders to know which court area they are responsible for covering. A block signal is created in the back to hide it from the opposing team. They are usually given with both hands by partner serving before serving service, with the left hand referring to the type of block that should be fitted against the left side striker, and the right hand also referring to the right side of the attacker. A player may also "wiggle" or "flash" a block of signals to indicate which opponent he will serve.
Block signals can also be provided during public meetings while opposing teams prepare for their attacks.
Common block signals
- Closed font
- There are no blocks to try for an opponent on the court side, also known as a "pull-off"
- One finger
- Blocker must block an opponent's "line" attack, or hit the ball in the nearest side direction
- Two fingers
- The blocker must block an ople "angle" attack, or hit the ball diagonally from the net and across the court
- Three fingers
- Blocker pretends to block an ople "angle" attack, but dives into the "line" block at the last moment
- Four fingers
- Blocker pretends to block the "line" of the opponent's attack, but dives into the "corner" block at the last
- Open hand
- The blocker must block the "ball", decide how to block based on the opponent's team set, and the swing approach and arm swing technique.
Note: For some teams, closed boxing and open hand signals have the opposite blocking meaning. If the partner shows a closed fist, the blocker must block the "ball" and open hand means the blocker must "pull" the net.
Skill
There are some basic skills that competitive players need to serve: serve, pass, organize, attack, block, and dig.
Serve
Serving is the act of putting the ball into play by hitting it with a hand or arm from behind the rear court bounds. Presentations may take the form of rough service or excessive servicing, and examples include: floating service, floating service, top-spin service, jump serve, sky ball service, and reversed sky ball services. As beach volleyball is usually played outdoors, the direction and speed of the wind and the position of the sun are considered when choosing which function to use. Because the wind can significantly affect the service trajectory, players can use different presentation strategies to take advantage of wind conditions. For example, players can choose top-spin service while serving to the wind, causing the ball to fall short in front of the passer. Players can also take advantage of the position of the sun. For example, celestial spheres serve especially effectively during the day, because the sun enters the eyes of passers-by and can cause passers-by to be confused. Although the service can be used as an offensive weapon, most of the rallies are won by the recipient team, as they have the first chance of attack.
Skip
Pass is the first of 3 contacts allowed by the team. In indoor volleyball, passing involves two main techniques: the forearm, or bump , where the ball touches the inside of the forearm or embedded platform, at the waistline; and an overhand pass, where it is handled with a fingertip, like a hand set, above the head. However, the standard for hand arrangement is tighter on the beach. In practice, this means that players are effectively banned from hand ball arrangement on the receiving service; Similarly, players rarely use overhand passing moves as the first (except on hard driven attacks) or the last of the three allowed team contacts. Digging is a similar skill to pass, but the term is not used to describe receiving a free serve or ball, but rather refers to an attempt to prevent an attack from attacking the opponent from touching the court.
Set
Set is second team contact, and the goal is to position the ball for the attack on the third hit. Similar to the feed, the ball can be set with the forearm technique, known as the lump set , or the overhand graduation technique, known as the hand set . Due to the strict standards for ball rotation when hand arrangement on beach volleyball rather than in indoor volleyball, as well as environmental factors that make it harder to set the ball "cleaner", bump sets are more common in beach games. When hand setting, the player's hand must contact the ball simultaneously. If an umpire determines that a double-hit has occurred, points will be awarded to another team. Excessive rotation after a sphere has been set up is often used as an indicator of multiple contact errors, but causes the ball to spin when the settings are not explicitly prohibited. After completing the contact, the setters usually turn their attention to the defense and communicate with their colleagues whether the blocker is up and which court area is open. A second contact can also be used to attack the ball, known as an "over-on-two" attack.
Attack
Beach volleyball attacks can be categorized as spike or shot . The spike involves hitting the ball hard with one hand open on the downward trajectory from above the top of the goal. The shot is a relatively soft attack used to place the ball into the open (unprotected) area of ​​the court. Unlike indoor volleyball, various shots are used in beach volleyball as fewer defenders in the field. The common kicks used in beach volleyball include: a rolling shot, where the attacker puts a lot of topspin balls on the ball so that it has a curved track that will pass through the block then falls quickly; cut the shot, where the shot across the net at a sharp angle; pokeys, where the ball is contacted with the attacking player's fingers; and dwarfs, where the ball is directed very slowly over the net.
Block
In beach volleyball, blocks can be used to score points instantly by directing an attack by an opponent attacker back to their court, or used to channel the ball to the defender by "taking" part of the court, or used to slow the ball down so the defender has time to chase the ball. At a competitive level, the blocker will often reach the net and "pierce" the opposing team's side as much as possible to pick up more hit angles. Blockers can also try block shots, where instead of maximum penetration on the net, the blockers reach with their hands as high as possible to reach the maximum height above the net.
Players often decide against blocking (if the opponent team's bait and set are not in a good position to generate a spike attack) and instead choose to retreat and play defense. This skill is known as peeling , dropping or interesting from the internet, and almost exclusively for beach volleyball.
The governing body
The main international body for beach volleyball is FÃÆ' Â © dation Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB). The bodies of regional governments are:
- Asia and Oceania - Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC)
- Africa - Confederation Africaine de Volleyball (CAV)
- Europe - European Volleyball Confederation (CEV)
- North and Central America - Northern, Central American and Caribbean Volcano Confederations (NORCECA)
- South America - Konfederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV)
In the United States, USA Volleyball is the governing body of beach volleyball, as well as indoor volleyball and sitting.
Level of competition
Professional
International
FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour is an international professional tour for men and women organized by FÃÆ' Â © dation Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB). The inaugural tour was held in 1997, replacing the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Series which started in 1989 for men and 1992 for women. Tour World Tournaments are rated from 1 to 5 stars, with 5 star tournaments offering the most money prizes. The 2018 World Tour has 47 international tournaments with a total prize of over US $ 7 million. Competing on the World Tour as well as other FIVB-recognized tournaments such as the Summer Olympics allow players to earn FIVB Ranking Ratings, with higher star events valued at more points. The World Tour ends with World Tour Finals at the end of each season.
FIVB also hosts FIVB Beach Volleyball World Championships every two years, held since 1997. The World Championship has 48 main teams and prize cards of US $ 500,000 per sex.
Regional
The five regional governing bodies also organize Continental Tours and Championships:
- Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) hosts the AVC Beach Volleyball Tour, culminating with the Asian Asia Volley Ball Championship (since 2002).
- African Volleyball Confederation (CAVB) hosts the African Coast Volleyball Championships.
- The European Volleyball Confederation (CEV) hosted a European beach volleyball circuit (since 1993), consisting of Satellite and Masters events, culminating with the European Volleyball Championships. From the 2018 season onwards, Satellite and Master events have been incorporated into the FIVB World Tour, but are still hosted by CEV.
- The North Volleyball Confederation, Central America, and the Caribbean (NORCECA) hosted the NORCECA Beach Volleyball Circuit (since 2007).
- ConfederaciÃÆ'³n Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV) hosted the South Coast South Coast Circuit (since 2005).
Players can only participate in the Continental Tour that their national federation is a member of. In addition to prize money, Continental Tour participants reward players with FIVB ratings points and their national federations with National Federation ranking points. The latter determines how many national federation teams can send to the World Championships and the Summer Olympics.
National
Some countries also have domestic professional tours, but only national tours are FIVB approved which can rank FIVB points. In 2017, there are 21 national tours approved by FIVB.
In the United States, the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) is a major domestic professional tour, organizing tournaments annually like the Manhattan Beach Open. The AVP tour was not approved by the FIVB and had been in conflict with the FIVB in the 1980s and 1990s on rules and sponsorships, leading to an early boycott of FIVB events by top American players.
In Germany, Techniker Beach Tour, formerly known as Smart Beach Tour, is the top domestic tour and approved by FIVB. It is hosted by the German Volleyball Association and each season ends with the German Coastal Volley Ball Championship.
In Brazil, the FIVB-approved Brazil Beach Volleyball Circuit (pt: Circuito Brasileiro de Voleibol de Praia) is a major national tour. It has been hosted by the Brazilian Volleyball Confederation since 1991. The tour consists of the main Open Circuit and Challenger Circuit. Each season ends with a Superpraia championship.
Multi-sport events
Men and women beach volleyball have been contested at the Summer Olympics since 1996. It is also contested in other international multi-sport events, including the Commonwealth Games (since 2018), Pan American Games (since 1999), Central America and the Caribbean (since 1998), Asian Games (since 1998), Pacific Games (since 1999), African Games (since 2011), and Asian Beach Games (since 2008).
Higher Education
United States
In the academic year 2010-11, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began sponsoring women's beach volleyball, originally called "sand volleyball", as the sport "emerged". Initially, it was sponsored only for the Second Division, with Division I adding the next academic year. The NCAA competition follows the standard beach volleyball rules, with competitions involving five dual teams from each participating school.
Coastal volleyball became the NCAA sports championship fully approved in the 2015-16 school year, following the votes of leaders from all three NCAA divisions to launch a national championship of all divisions. At the end of June 2015, the NCAA dropped the name of "sand volleyball" to support the more common "beach volley".
Philippines
Beach volleyball is a sport of men's and women's championships at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the University of the Philippines (UAAP) Athletics Association. At the NCAA, it's contested at the high school and college level.
Europe
The European Coastal University Volleyball Championships are held annually as part of the European University Championships.
Junior
FIVB hosts the U19 and U21 World Championships annually. The World Championships for U17 and U23 age groups were also previously held. Teams are awarded FIVB rank points in this Championship, but not prize money. Instead, the winning U19 team gets the main image entry straight into the next U21 World Championship, while the winning U21 team gets the main image entry straight into their World Tour 4 or 5 star event.
Beach volleyball is also contested in the Youth Olympic Games (since 2014).
Uniform controversy
In 1999, the FIVB standard beach volleyball uniform, with a swimsuit became a necessary uniform for both men and women. This invites the anger of some athletes.
According to FIVB rules, women's beach volleyball players have the option of playing shorts or one-piece swimsuits. Most players, however, prefer a two-piece bikini.
Competitors such as Natalie Cook and Holly McPeak have confirmed the FIVB claim that the uniform is practical for a sport that is played on sand during the summer, but Denise Johns, a Denise John of England, claims that the uniform is meant to be "sexy" and to draw. attention.
During the 2004 Summer Olympics, a study was conducted on camera angles during a beach volleyball match. Twenty percent of the camera angle is focused on the chest area and seventeen percent of the angles are focused on the buttocks area. The study concludes that this implies the appearance of the players having a greater impact on fans than their real athleticism.
Some conservative cultures have expressed moral objection to the swimsuit as a uniform. In the 2007 South Pacific Games, the rules were adjusted to require fewer shorts and cut sports tops. At the 2006 Asian Games, only one Muslim country fielded the team in a women's competition, amid uniform fears it was inappropriate.
In early 2012, the FIVB announced it will allow shorts (maximum length 3 cm (1.2 inches above knee) and arm boss at the 2012 London Olympics. The federation spokesman said that "many of these countries have religious and cultural requirements so the uniform must be more flexible ". And the fact is, the weather is very cold for the London 2012 night game that players sometimes have to wear t-shirts and leggings.
Lifestyle and culture
The beach volleyball culture includes people, languages, fashion, and life around modern beach volleyball. With its origins in Hawaii and California, beach volleyball is strongly linked to a relaxed, beach-centered lifestyle. As it develops almost in parallel with modern surfing, the culture of beach volleyball has some similarities to the surf culture. The beach bum pattern is one such example. Professional beach volley matches often have a "party atmosphere", with loud music, broadcasters and dancers between points and for time-out.
Fashion often extends from the clothes worn while playing, such as bikinis or board boards. And like surfers, beach volleyball relies on the weather; Play patterns often develop based on weather conditions such as sun and wind.
Nudist/naturist volley
Naked people are early gaming users. Regular game footage at the club can be found as early as the 1920s. Given the nature of outer space nudism/naturism, beach volleyball is adopted naturally. In the 1960s, volleyball courts could be found in almost all nudist/naturist clubs. A naked volleyball tournament (over 70 teams) has been held every fall since 1971 at White Thorn Lodge in western Pennsylvania, and several small tournaments take place every year throughout North America.
General injuries
The most common injuries in beach volleyball are knee, ankle and finger injuries. Pain from overuse of the knee, lower back, and especially the shoulder is also common, but less common than in indoor volleyball because of soft landing surfaces. Acute lost wounds are also relatively rare in beach volleyball compared to other team sports. Many players use kinesiology bands. The interest in this recording has increased after the American beach volleyball and three-time Olympic gold medalist Kerri Walsh wore it at the 2008 Beijing Olympics.
See also
- Beach volleyball at the Summer Olympics
- List of American beach volleyball players
- Volleyball variation
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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