Equestrianism (from Latin equester, equestr-, equus, horseman , horse ), more commonly known as riding , horseback (English English) or horseback (American English), referring to riding, driving, steep, or horseback riding skills. This broad description includes the use of horses for the purpose of practical work, transportation, recreational activities, art or cultural exercise and competitive sports.
Video Equestrianism
Overview of horse riding
Horses are trained and driven for practical work purposes such as in police work or for controlling farm animals on a farm. They are also used in competitive sports including, but not limited to, dressage, endurance riding, eventing, reining, show jumping, tent pegging, dome, polo, horse racing, driving and rodeo (See additional equestrian sports listed later in this article for more examples). Some popular forms of competition are grouped together in horse events, where horses perform in various disciplines. Horses (and other equids like donkeys) are used for non-competitive ride recreation such as fox hunting, trail riding or hacking. There is public access to horse trails in almost every part of the world; many parks, ranche and public stalls offer both guided and independent riders. Horses are also used for therapeutic purposes, both in special para-riding competitions and non-competitive rides to improve human health and emotional development.
Horses are also encouraged in harness races, in horse performances and in other types of exhibits, historical or ceremonial recreations, often withdrawing trains. In some parts of the world, they are still used for practical purposes such as farming.
Horses continue to be used in public services: in traditional ceremonies (parades, cemeteries), police and volunteers are installed patrols and for search and rescue are installed.
The horse hall allows horse and rider training in all weather as well as indoor competition to ride.
Maps Equestrianism
Horse use history
Although there is controversy about horses of exact dates being domesticated and when they are first ridden, the best guess is that the first horse was ridden around 3,500 BC. Indirect evidence suggests that horses are driven long before they are moved. There is some evidence that about 3,000 BC, near the Dnieper and Don Rivers, people use bits on horses, as the stallion buried there shows consistent wearing of teeth with little use. However, the earliest preliminary archaeological evidence of a horse used is a horse that is moved. The Chariot burial of about 2500 BC presents the most direct hard evidence of horses used as working animals. In ancient times the war wars were followed by the use of war horses as light and heavy cavalry. Horses play an important role throughout human history throughout the world, both in warfare and in peaceful pursuits such as transportation, commerce, and agriculture. Horses live in North America, but die at the end of the Ice Age. The horse was brought back to North America by European explorers, beginning with Columbus's second voyage in 1493.
Horseracing
Humans seem to have long expressed a desire to know which horse (or horse) is the fastest, and horse race has ancient roots. Gambling at horse racing seems to go hand in hand with racing and has a long history as well. The perfect horses have a reputation for excellence as a race race, but other races are also racing.
Type of horse racing
Under the saddle:
- Horse racing is the most popular form around the world. In the UK, this is known as flat racing and is governed by the Jockey Club in England. In the US, horse racing is arranged by The Jockey Club.
- Steeplechasing involves racing on the track where the horses also jump over obstacles. It is most common in England, where it is also called National Hunt racing.
- American Quarter Horse Racing - racing a distance of about a quarter of a mile. Seen mostly in the United States, approved by the American Quarter Horse Association.
- Arabian horses, Akhal-Teke, Appaloosas, American Paint Horses, and other light breeds are also spurred around the world.
- Endurance goes up, the sport in which Arab horses dominate at the top, has become very popular in the United States and in Europe. Federation Equestre International (FEI) organizes international competitions, and the American Endurance Ride Conference (AERC) organizes sports in North America. The endurance race lasts over a given distance, is measured and the horses have an even start. Races are typically 50 to 100 miles (80 to 161 km), over mountains or other natural areas, with stops scheduled to pick up vital horse signs, check health and verify that the horse is eligible to continue. The first horse finished and confirmed by the veterinarian as healthy to proceed is the winner. Additional awards are usually awarded to the best horses completed over 10. Traveling a limited distance of about 25-20 miles (40-32 km) is offered to newcomers.
- Ride and Tie (in North America, hosted by the Ride and Tie Association). Ride and Tie involves three equal partners: two humans and one horse. The humans took turns running and riding.
Show jumps:
- Show the jump is when a horse takes a rider through an obstacle also known as a jump. Usually there are some jumps in the show and if the horse hits the jump then they will get points deducted in the show.
In the harness:
- Both light and heavy races and ponies are racing on sulky or racing bikes. The Standardbred dominates the sport in both varieties of running and pacing.
- The United States Trotting Association organizes a harness race in the United States.
- Harness racing is also found throughout Europe, New Zealand, and Australia.
International and Olympic Discipline
Horse events were first included in the modern Olympics in 1900. In 1912, all three Olympic disciplines still seen today were part of the game. The following form of competition is recognized worldwide and is part of the riding event at the Olympics. They are governed by the rules of the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI).
- Dressage ("training" in French) involves progressive training of horses for high levels of encouragement, gathering, and compliance. Competitive dressing has the purpose to show horses performing, upon request, natural movements that are done without thinking while loosely walking.
- Show jumps consist of timed events judged on the ability of horses and riders to jump over a series of obstacles, in a specific order and with least resistance or dropping sections of obstacles.
- Eventing, also called combined training , horse test , event three days , Military or complete tests , putting together the obedience of dressage with the athletic ability of jump shows, fitness demanding cross-country jumping phase. In the last name, horses jump over fixed obstacles, such as logs, rock walls, ledges, trenches and water, trying to complete the course under "optimal time". There is also the 'Steeple Chase' Phase, which is now excluded from most of the major competitions to bring them in line with Olympic standards.
Approved internationally Additional sanctions but non-Olympic discipline regulated by FEI are: combined driving; durability; curb; and jumping over. This discipline is part of the FEI World Horse Riding Game every four years and can hold their own World Championships in other years. FEI also recognizes horseball and tent pegging as its two regional disciplines.
Inter-horse fighters
The international Para-riding competition, including the Paralympic Games, is also governed by FEI and offers the following competition events:
- The Equestrian Dressage is performed under the same rules as conventional Dressage, but with the riders divided into different competition classes based on their functional abilities.
- The Riding-Drivers are participants in various classes based on their skills.
Haute ÃÆ'â € cole
The haute à © cole (F. "high school"), a sophisticated component of Classical clothing, is a very subtle skill set that is rarely used in competitions but is often seen in demonstration shows.
The leading ecole haute demonstration teams include:
- The Cadre Noir in Saumur, France.
- Spanish Equestrian School in Vienna, Austria.
- Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre in Queluz, Portugal.
- The Andalusian Equestrian Art School in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain.
- Lipizzaners South Africa from Midrand in South Africa.
Horse show
Horse performances are held around the world with a variety of possible extraordinary events, equipment, clothing and assessment standards used. However, most forms of horse show competitions can be divided into the following broad categories:
- Equation, sometimes called chair and hand or equestrian , refers to an event in which the rider is judged by shape, style and ability. Class
- Fun, flat or under the saddle show horses driven in the flat (not jumping) and judged by etiquette, performance, movement, style and quality./li>
- Dumbling classes, at the hands of breeding or conformations , where the horse is led by a handler on the ground and is judged on conformity and suitability as a breeding animal./li>
- Utilize classes, where horses are driven rather than driven, but still judged by manners, performance and quality.
- Jump or Over Fences refers widely to both show jumps and show hunters, where horses and riders have to jump the odds.
"English" drive
In addition to the classic Olympic events, the following forms of competition are seen. In North America they are referred to as "equestrian English" in contrast to riding western horses; anywhere else in the world, if a difference is required, they are usually described as "classical riding":
- Hunting chairs or Hunter classes assess the movements and horse forms that are suitable for working on the fence. The typical hunter show division will include a top class fence as well as a "Hunter under Saddle" or "flat" class (sometimes called the "hack" class), where horses are judged on performance, courtesy and movement without having to jump. Hunters have long flat bolts, sometimes called "daisy cutter" movements, an expression that suggests a good hunter can slicing daisies in the field as he reaches his pace. The over fence class in the show hunter competition is judged by horse form, etiquette, and smooth running. A horse with a nice jump shape breaks its knees and jumps with a nice bascule. It should also be able to jump or race against the control while walking long enough to make the exact number of steps above the given distance between the fences. The hunter classes are different from the jumper classes, where they are not timed, and the equivalence classes, where the rider's performance is the focus. The hunter's style is based on fox hunting, so jumping in the hunter division is usually more naturally colored than jumps in the jumper division.
- Events, jump competitions and dressings, described under the "Olympic discipline," above are all "English" equestrian disciplines that in North America are sometimes loosely classified under the category of "hunting chairs."
- The saddleboats, the main discipline of America, although recently becoming rather popular in South Africa, were created to show the best gains of high-breed and gay animation movements such as American Saddlebred and Tennessee Walker. Some Arabs and Morga are also shown saddlebags in the United States. There are usually three basic divisions. Park division is for the horse with the highest action. Fun divisions still emphasize the action of animation, but to a lesser extent, with top-ranking animation. Plantation or Country division has the least number of animations (in some races, flat feathered horses) and the greatest emphasis on manners.
- Show hacks is a competition seen especially in England, Australia, and other countries influenced by British tradition, featuring horses with elegant looks, in a very good way to go and ride on their own. The related event is horseback riding.
"Western" riding
The Western horses evolved from the working tradition of cattle and warfare brought to America by the Spanish Conquistador, and equipments and riding styles evolved to meet the needs of cowboy work on farms in Western America.
Although the difference between English and Western looks dramatic, there are many similarities. Both styles require the rider to have a sturdy chair, with the hips and shoulders balanced on the legs, with the hands detached from the chair so as not to disturb the balance of the horse and interfere with its performance.
The most striking feature of the western driving style is in the saddle, which has large trees that provide greater support for horses and riders while working long hours in the saddle. The western saddle has a protruding hilt topped with horns (a button used to disarm the snares after tying the animal), deep seats and high cantles. The stirrup is wider and the saddle has a ring and a bond that allows the object to attach to the saddle.
Western horses are asked to perform with loose control, controlled by one hand. The standard western bridle does not have a noseband and usually consists of a set of bridles attached to a side of the road that has longer and looser waves than the British Weymouth weed pavement or a little bit of pelham. Two Western control styles thrive: The long split from the completely separate Texas tradition, or "Romal" control of the California tradition, which has a long single bond on the ends that can be used as a quirt. Modern rodeo competitors in time-constrained events sometimes use closed control without romal .
Western riders wear long-sleeved shirts, denim jeans, boots, and wide-brimmed cowboy hats. Cowboy boots, which have tapered tips and higher heels than traditional boots, are designed to prevent the rider's feet from sliding through the stirrups while falling, preventing the drag rider - most western saddles do not have a safety bar for leather or automatic stirring launch mechanisms. A rider can wear protective skin leggings called chapters. Clean and fit work clothes are common attire that is seen in rodeo competition, cutting and decomposition, especially for men, although sometimes both men and women wear brighter colors or finer fabrics for the competition than for work.
Show events like Western fun using much more brilliant equipment, unlike the English tradition where the clothes and tactics are calm and unobtrusive. Saddles, bits and bridles are decorated with large amounts of silver. The rider can add a jacket or vest, and women's outfits in particular feature vibrant colors and even, depending on the current mode, rhinestones or sequins.
Western horses are required to walk briskly on land, but run slowly and leisurely allowing riders to sit in saddles and not post. Western versions of canters are called lope and while being collected and balanced, it is expected to be slow and relaxed. Working western horses rarely use sustainable handrails, but should be able to accelerate quickly to high speed when chasing cattle or competing in rodeo speed events, should be able to stop quickly from dead ends and "turn on a dime."
Harness
Horses, donkeys and donkeys are driven in harness in various ways. For work purposes, they can attract plows or other farm equipment designed to be pulled by animals. In many parts of the world they still attract trains for transportation and basic transportation. They can draw carriages at ceremonies, at parades or on tourist rides.
As noted in the "horse race" above , the horse can race in the harness, pulling a very light wagon known as sulky. At the other end of the spectrum, some horse concepts compete in a horse draw competition, where one or several horse teams and their racers compete to determine who can pull the hardest for short distances.
In horse show competitions, the following general competition categories look:
- Combined driving, an internationally recognized competition where horses conduct arena-based "clothing" classes where precision and control are emphasized, cross-country "marathon" parts that emphasize fitness and resilience, and "stadiums" or "cone" obstacles.
- The horse draft shows: Most horse performance competition concepts are performed in harness.
- Casual driving: Horses and horses are usually attached to lightweight racecars that are displayed on foot and two running speeds, with an emphasis on manners.
- Smooth Harness: Also called "Formal steering," The horses are tied to a four-wheeled lightweight cart and displayed in a way that emphasizes striking action and dramatic performance.
- Roadster: A horse show competition in which exhibitors wear racing silk and ride in the same style as harness racing, just without racing, but more focused on manners and performance.
- Riding a train, using a rather large two or four-wheeled carriage, often returning antiques, judged by the selector/neatness or suitability of the horse and carriage.
Rodeo
The Rodeo event includes the following forms of competition:
Time event
- Barrel racing and bending pole - the speed and agility of events that are visible in rodeo and gimnana or O-Mok-See competitions. Both men and women compete in speed events at gymkhanas or O-Mok-Sees; However, on the most professional rodeo, sanctioned, racing barrels is an exclusive sport of women. In barrel races, horses and riders raced around the clover pattern of the barrel, making sharp turns without dropping barrels. At the bending pole, the horse and rider run the length of the six-pole line upright, turn sharply and weave through the poles, turn again and weave again, then back to the beginning.
- Steer wrestling - Also known as "Bulldogging," this is a rodeo show where riders jump from horse to steer and 'wrestle' to the ground by grabbing it with horns. This is probably the single most physically dangerous event in a rodeo for a cowboy, who runs a high risk of jumping off a horse's head that runs first and loses the wheel or has a steering ground thrown over him, sometimes the first horned.
- Goat goats - usually a show for women or young women and boys, a goat is stalked out while riders are raced to goats, go down, pick up goats, throw them to the ground and tie them in the same place. way as a calf. This event is designed to teach younger or younger riders the basics of calf crawling without the need for more complex to also follow animals.
Roping
Roping includes a number of timed events based on the real task of a working cowboy, who often has to catch adult calves and cattle for branding, medical care, and other purposes. Lasos or traps are thrown over the head of a calf or adult cow horn, and the animal is secured in a manner determined by its size and age.
- Calf stacking, also called "tie-down roping," is an event in which the calf is tied around the neck by a rope, the horse stops and returns to the rope while the cowboy descends, runs to the calf, throws it to the ground and binds three legs together. (If the horse throws the calf, the cowboy should lose time waiting for the calf to re-stand so the cowboy can do the job.The horse's job is holding the calf steady on the rope) This activity is still practicing in modern work farms for branding, medical care, and so on.
- Team tracking, also called "heading and heeling," is the only rodeo event in which male and female riders can compete together. Two people catch and hold adult steer. One horse and rider, "header", lassos horn running, while horse and other riders, "heeler," lassos two feet behind the driver. Once the animals are captured, the rider faces each other and lightly pulls the wheel between them, thus losing his balance, allowing in the real world to allow restraint for treatment.
- Runaway rope - an easier form of cowling tracking where very short trajectories are used, tied lightly to saddle horns with ropes and flags. When the calf is tied up, the horse stops, letting the calf run, marking the end of time when the rope and flag slip from the saddle. In the United States, the event is primarily for women of all ages and boys under 12, while in some countries where traditional calf hugs are favored, riders of both sexes compete.
"Rough Stock" Competition
Despite popular myths, most modern "horses" are not really wild horses, but the more common horses or horses are specially spoiled as bucking stock.
- Bronc rides - there are two divisions in the rodeo, riding without horses, where the rider riding a bucking horse holding a surcingle or rigging with just one hand, and riding a saddle horse, where the western-modified saddle rider without horns (for safety) while holding the woven straps attached to the horse dumbbell.
- Bull Riding - though technically not an equestrian event, as cowboys ride on a fully grown bull instead of a horse, a skill similar to cycling without a horse is needed.
International Rodeo
- Australian Rodeo
- Chilean rodeo
Other horse riding
Handling, riding and riding horses have a number of health risks.
Riding has some inherent risks, such as when installed, the rider's head can be up to 4 m (13 ft) from the ground, and the horse can travel at speeds of up to 65 km/h (40 mph). The injuries observed ranged from very small injuries to death.
A study in Germany reported that the relative risk of injury due to riding a horse, compared to riding a bike, is 9 times higher for teenagers and 5.6 times higher for younger children, but riding a horse is less risky than riding a moped. In Victoria, Australia, tracing state records found that equestrian sports had the third highest incidence of serious injury, after motor sports and power competitions. In Greece, the national registry analysis estimates incidents of horse injuries to 21 per 100,000 person-years for combined farming and riding sports, and 160 times higher for horse racing personnel. Another finding noted that helmets are likely to prevent traumatic brain injury.
In the United States every year an estimated 30 million people ride horses, generating 50,000 emergency department visits (1 visit per 600 riders per year). A survey of 679 equestrians in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho estimates that at some point in an equestrian career one in five they will be seriously injured, resulting in hospitalization, surgery or long-term disability. Among survey respondents, the novice breeder had any triple incidence of intermediaries among the middlemen, five times above the sophisticated equestrians, and almost eight times above the professionals. It takes about 100 hours of experience to achieve a large drop in the risk of injury. The survey authors concluded that efforts to prevent riding injuries should focus on newcomers.
Mechanism of injury
The most common injuries are falling from a horse, followed by being kicked, trampled and bitten. About 3 of the 4 injuries are due to fall, widely defined. The broad definition of falling often includes being destroyed and thrown from horses, but when reported separately each of these mechanisms may be more common than kicked.
The type and severity of injuries
In Canada, a 10-year study of injured trauma center patients on cycling reported that although 48% suffered head injuries, only 9% of these riders were wearing helmets at the time of their accident. Other injuries involved chest (54%), abdomen (22%) and extremities (17%). A study in Germany reported that horse riding injuries are rare compared to other sports, but when they occur they are very severe. In particular, they found that 40% of injuries on horseback were broken bones, and only 15% were dislocated. Further, the study notes that in Germany, a quarter of all sport related deaths are caused by riding. Most of the horse-related injuries are the result of falling from the horse, which is the cause of 60-80% of all reported injuries. Another common cause of injury is kicked by a horse, which can cause a skull fracture or severe trauma to the internal organs. Some of the injuries that may result from horseback riding, with a percentage indicating the number associated with all injuries as reported by the New Zealand study, include:
- Fracture or arm dislocation (31%)
- Head injury (21%)
- Fracture or foot dislocation (15%)
- Chest injury (33%)
Among the 36 members and employees of the Hong Kong Jockey Club who were seen in the center of trauma over a 5 year period, 24 fell from horses and 11 were kicked by horses. Injuries consist of: 18 torso; 11 head, face or neck; and 11 limbs. The authors of this study recommended that helmets, face shields and body armor be worn while riding or handling horses.
In New South Wales, Australia, a study of equestrians seen in a hospital over a period of 6 years found that 81% were wearing helmets at the time of injury, and that helmet use increased over time and correlated with lower levels. reception. In the second half of the study period, of the visible equestrians in the hospital, only 14% were treated. In contrast, a study of child equestrians seen in the hospital's emergency departments in Adelaide reported that 60% were treated.
In the United States, an analysis of the National Electronic Injection Control System (NEISS) data conducted by the Horse Medical Safety Association studied 78,279 injuries related to horses in 2007: "The most common injuries included fractures (28.5%), contusions/abrasions (28.3%),%), strain/sprain (14.5%), internal injury (8.1%), laceration (5.7%), concussion (4.6%), dislocation (1, 9%), and hematoma (1.2%) The location of most frequent injuries were lower stem (19.6%), head (15.0%), upper stem (13.4%), shoulder (8, 2%) and wrist (6.8%) In this study the patients were treated and released (86.2%), hospitalized (8.7%)), transferred (3.6%), left without treated (0.8%), fixed for observation (0.6%) and arrived at the hospital of the deceased (0.1%). "
Head injuries
Horseback riding is one of the most dangerous sports, especially in relation to head injuries. Statistics from the United States, for example, show that around 30 million people ride horses each year. On average, about 67,000 people are hospitalized each year from injuries sustained while working with horses. 15,000 of those who come from traumatic brain injury. Of them, about 60 people die every year because of their brain injury. Studies have found horseback riding becomes more dangerous than some sports, including skiing, car racing, and football. Horseback riding has a higher hospital admission rate per hour rather than riding a motorcycle, at 0.49 per thousand hour journey and 0.14 crashes per thousand hours, respectively.
Head injuries are very traumatic while riding a horse. About two-thirds of all riders who need hospitalization after a fall have suffered a traumatic brain injury. Falling from a horse without wearing a helmet is comparable to being hit by a car. Most of the fatalities are caused by head injuries.
The use of horseback helmets substantially reduces the likelihood and severity of head injuries. When a rider falls with a helmet, he is five times less likely to suffer a traumatic brain injury than a driver who falls without a helmet. The helmet works by destroying the impact and extending the length of time it takes the head to stop moving. Nonetheless, helmet usage rates in North America are estimated at between eight and twenty percent.
Once the helmet has withstood the collision of the fall, the part of the helmet is structurally weakened, even if there is no visible damage. Helmet manufacturers recommend that helmets that have been impacted from the fall are replaced immediately. In addition, the helmet should be replaced every three to five years; Specific recommendations vary by manufacturer.
Rules about helmet usage in competition
Many organizations mandate the use of helmets in competition or at the exhibition venues, and regulations continue to move in directions that require the use of helmets. In 2011, the United States Equestrian Federation passed a regulation requiring the use of helmets when paired at competitions in US-rated national event competitions. Also in 2011, the US Dressage Federation made helmet use in competition mandatory for all under 18 riders and all riders driving any tests at Level Four and below. If the rider competes in Prix St. Georges and above also drive a test at Level Four or below, he must also wear a helmet at any time when installed.
Ascending astride
The idea that riding a horse can injure a woman's sex organs is historic, but sometimes popular even nowadays, misunderstanding or misunderstanding, especially those riding astride can damage the hymen. Evidence of injury to female sex organs is lacking. In high-grade athletes, trauma to the perineum is rare and associated with certain sports (see pelvic floor # clinical significance). The type of trauma associated with equestrian sport has been called the "perineal horse rider". A series of cases from 4 female mountain bikers and 2 female horsemen found perineal pain reported by the patient and evidence of subclinical changes in the clitoris; the relevance of these findings to riding is unknown.
In men, sports-related injuries are one of the main causes of testicular trauma. In a small, controlled study but not blinded by 52 men, the varicocele was significantly more common in equestrians than in non-equestrians. The differences between the two groups are small, however, compared to the reported differences between extreme mountain bikers and non-riders, as well as between mountain bikers and cyclists on the street. Injuries to the scrotum (contusions) and testes (blunt trauma) have been recognized by surgeons in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Crash injuries with a saddle handle are mentioned specifically.
Horse criticism in sports
Organized welfare groups, such as the Humane Society of the United States, and animal rights groups such as the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, have been known to criticize some horse sports with animal cruelty claims.
Horseracing is a popular riding sport that is practiced in many countries around the world. This is closely related to gambling, where in certain events, bets can become very high. Despite its illegality in most competitions, this extreme competitive condition can lead to the use of drugs that improve performance and extreme training techniques, which can produce negative side effects for horse welfare. The race itself also proved dangerous for the horses - especially steep, which required the horse to jump the odds while running at full speed. This can cause injury or death to horses, as well as jockeys. A study by animal welfare group Animal Aid reveals that approximately 375 racehorses die each year, with 30% of these either during or as a result of injuries from the race. The report also highlights the increasing frequency of race-related diseases, including bloody lung (sports induced lung bleeding) and stomach ulcers.
Animal rights groups are also particularly concerned that certain sports or exercises may cause unnecessary pain or injury to the horse athlete. Some special training or practice shows so much being criticized that they have been made illegal at the national level and that offenses may be subject to criminal penalties. The most famous is the practice of applying caustic ointment just above the Tennessee Horse Walking hoof to make her lift her leg higher. However, regardless of federal laws in the United States that prohibit this practice and routine inspection of horses by inspectors from the US Department of Agriculture, the allowance is still widespread and difficult to eliminate. Some of the events themselves are also considered to be very harsh and therefore prohibited in many countries. Among these are the horses, the sport in which the rider chases and the rope horse runs on its front foot, throws it to the ground.
Secondary effects of racing are also recently revealed. A 2006 investigation by The Observer in the United Kingdom found that every year 6,000-10,000 horses were slaughtered for consumption abroad, a significant proportion was the horse raised for racing. The explosion of the number of raised foats meant there was not enough resources to take care of unwanted horses. Demand has increased for this massive breeding program to be scaled down. Although more than 1000 foals are produced each year by the Thoroughbred horse industry, 66% of them grew up for such purposes never entered into the race, and despite the 30-year life expectancy, many were killed before their fifth birthday.
Equestrian with coins
Horse riding events have been chosen as the main motive in many collectors' coins. One recent example is the Greek Equestrian coin, EUR10, printed in 2003 to commemorate the 2004 Summer Olympics. On the front composition of this coin, modern horsemen are portrayed as they jump over obstacles, while in the background the ancient horsemen are inspired by representation on the vase of a black figure of the 5th century BC.
For the 2012 Olympics, the Royal Mint has produced 50p coins showing horseback jumping fences.
A rider attached to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police displayed on the Canadian quarter-dollar coin 1973.
See also
- Glossary of terms
- Equestrian Sports List
- Sidesaddle
- Classic outfits
- Highway usage
- Horse Riding at the Summer Olympics
- List of horse accidents
- United States Horse Federation
- International Federation for Horse Sports
- Equestrian Helmet
- Installation block
- Cowboy Shoots Installed
- Fletcher Street Urban Riding Club for a description of urban driving traditions
- Horse Hall
References
External links
- International Federation for official FEI Horse Sports site
- United States Equestrian Federation USEF Official website
- Equestrian Federation of Australia Equestrian Federation of Australia Equestrian Site
- Irish Equestrian Federation - EFI Website
- Kazakhstan Equestrian Federation Russia - Kazakhstan Equestrian Federation English
- Federation of United States Dressage
- American Endurance Ride Conference
- American Trail Ride Conference - Competitive Equestrian Track
- UK Endurance Horse Riding
- The Ride and Tie Association
- The American Vaulting Association - Equestrian Vaulting
- National Horse Cutting Association
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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