The history of Sikhism begins with Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the fifteenth century Teacher in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent. These religious practices were formalized by Master Gobind Singh Ji on April 13, 1699. The latter baptized five men from different social backgrounds to form the Khalsa (?????). The first five, the Pure, then baptized Gobind Singh into the fold of Khalsa. This gave the Khalsa command, a history of about 300 years.
The history of Sikhism is closely related to Punjab's history and socio-political situation in the 16th-century Northwest Indian continent (modern Pakistan and India). During the Mughal reign of India (1556-1707), Sikhism was against the laws of the Mughal empire, as they influenced Mughal political succession while respecting the holy people of Hinduism and Islam. The famous Sikh Guru was killed by the Islamic rulers for refusing to convert to Islam, and oppose the suppression of Sikhs and Hindus. Out of a total of 10 Sikh teachers, the last 6 teachers were persecuted, 2 teachers themselves were tortured and executed (Arjan Teacher and Guru Tegh Bahadur), and close to some teachers who were brutally murdered (such as 6 and 9 years old boys from Guru Gobind Singh) along with a number of other prominent Sikhism figures were tortured and killed (such as Banda Bahadur, Bhai Mati Das, Bhai Sati Das and Bhai Dayala), by Islamic rulers for refusing to convert to Islam, and opposing the persecution of Sikhs and Ummahs. Furthermore, military Sikhism to oppose Mughal hegemony. The emergence of the Sikh Confederation under the misl and Sikh Empire under the reign of Maharajah Ranjit Singh is characterized by religious tolerance and pluralism with Christians, Muslims and Hindus in positions of power. The formation of the Sikh Empire was generally regarded as the peak of Sikhism at the political level, during which time the Sikh Empire came to include Kashmir, Ladakh, and Peshawar. Hari Singh Nalwa, Sikh Army Commander along the Northwest Frontier, took the Sikh Empire to the mouth of the Khyber Pass. The secular government of the Empire integrates innovative military, economic and governmental reforms.
The months leading up to India's partition in 1947, saw the heavy conflict in the Punjab between the Sikhs and Muslims, who saw the effective religious migration of Punjabi Sikhs and Hindus from West Punjab reflecting the same religious migration of Muslim Punjabi in the Punjab East.
Guru Nanak Dev
Guru Nanak (1469-1539), the founder of Sikhism, was born from Mehta Kalu and Mata Tripta, in a Hindu family in Talwandi village, now called Nankana Sahib, near Lahore. His father, named Mehta Kalu, was a Patwari, an accountant of the land income of the government. Nanak's mother is Mata Tripta, and she has one older sister, Aunt Nanki.
From an early age shri.Guru Nanak Dev Ji seems to have gained questions and wonder and refused as a child to wear a ritualistic "sacred" thread called Janeu and instead says that he will wear the true name of God in his heart. as protection, because a broken, dirty, burned or missing thread can not offer security at all. From childhood, Aunt Nanki sees in her brother, the Light of God, but he does not reveal this secret to anyone. He is known as Guru Nanak's first disciple.
Even as a child, his desire to explore the mystery of life finally made him leave home. It was during this period that Nanak was said to have met Kabir and Ravidass (1440-1518), the saints were revered by many. Nanak is married to Sulakhni, daughter of Moolchand Chona, a trader from Batala, and they have two sons, Sri Chand and Lakshmi Das.
His brother-in-law, Jai Ram, the husband of his sister Nanki, got a job for him at Sultanpur as the governor of the granary. One morning, when he was twenty-eight, Guru Nanak Dev went as usual to the river to bathe and meditate. It is said that he left for three days. When he reappears, it says he is "filled with the spirit of God". His first words after his reappearance were: "There is no Hindu, no Muslim". With this secular principle he began his missionary work. He made four different, different, four-way trips, called Udasis, which stretched thousands of miles, proclaiming God's message.
Guru Nanak spent the last years of his life in Kartarpur where Langar got a blessed meal for free. Food will be eaten by Hindus, rich, poor, so-called low or low caste. Guru Nanak works in the fields and earns a living. After appointing Bhai Lehna as the new Sikh Guru, on September 22, 1539, aged 70, Guru Nanak met his death
Guru Angad
In 1538, Guru Nanak chose Lehna, his disciple, as a substitute for Guruship rather than one of his sons. Bhai Lehna was named Guru Angad and became the successor of Guru Nanak. Bhai Lehna was born in Harike village in Ferozepur district in Punjab, on March 31, 1504. He was the son of a small trader named Pheru. His mother's name is Mata Ramo (also known as Mata Sabhirai, Mansa Devi, Daya Kaur). Baba Narayan Das Trehan is his grandfather, whose ancestral home was in Matte-di-Sarai near Mukatsar.
Under the influence of his mother, Bhai Lehna began to worship Durga (A Hindu Goddess). He is used to lead a group of Hindu worshipers to the Jawalamukhi Temple each year. He married Mata Khivi in ​​January 1520 and has two sons, (Dasu and Datu), and two daughters (Amro and Anokhi). The whole Pheru family had to leave their ancestral village because it was searched by the Mughal and Baloch armies who came with Emperor Babur. After this, the family settled in the village of Khadur Sahib on the banks of the Beas River, near Tarn Taran Sahib, a small town about 25 km. from the city of Amritsar.
One day, Bhai Lehna heard the hymn readings of Guru Nanak from Bhai Jodha (a Sikh from Guru Nanak Sahib) residing in Khadur Sahib. He was very happy and decided to continue to Kartarpur to hold an audience (darshan) with Guru Nanak. So while on an annual pilgrimage to Jwalamukhi Temple, Bhai Lehna left his journey to visit Kartarpur and see Baba Nanak. His first encounter with Guru Nanak completely transformed him. He abandoned the worship of the Hindu Goddess, devoting himself to serving Guru Nanak and becoming his disciple, (Sikhnya), and beginning to live in Kartarpur.
His devotion and ministry (Master) to Guru Nanak and his holy mission was so great that he was appointed Second Nanak on September 7, 1539 by Guru Nanak. Previously Guru Nanak tested it in various ways and found the embodiment of obedience and service within himself. He spent six or seven years in Guru Nanak's ministry in Kartarpur.
After the death of Guru Nanak on September 22, 1539, Guru Angad left Kartarpur for the village of Khadur Sahib (near Goindwal Sahib). He brought forward the principles of Guru Nanak in both the letter and the spirit. Yogis and Saints from different sects visited him and held detailed discussions about Sikhism with him.
Guru Angad introduces a new alphabet known as Gurmukhi Script, modifying the character of the old Punjabi script. Soon, these scripts became very popular and started to be used by people in general. He is very interested in the education of children by opening many schools for their teaching and thus increasing the number of educated people. For teens he started the tradition of Akhara Mall, where physical and spiritual exercises are held. He collected facts about the life of Guru Nanak from Bhai Bala and wrote the first biography of Guru Nanak. He also wrote 63 Saloks (stanzas), which were included in Guru Granth Sahib. He popularized and expanded the ka Langar Guru institution that Guru Nanak started.
Guru Angad traveled extensively and visited all the important places and religious centers founded by Guru Nanak for the preaching of Sikhism. He also founded hundreds of new Sikhism Centers (Sikh Religions Institutions) and thus strengthened the base of Sikhism. Its Guruship Period is the most important. The Sikh community has changed from having founder to being a succession of Master and Sikh community infrastructure strengthened and crystallized - from infancy, Sikhism has turned into a young boy and is ready to face the dangers that surround it. During this phase, Sikhism builds its own separate spiritual path.
Guru Angad, following the example set by Guru Nanak, nominated Sri Amar Das as his successor (Nanak Third) before his death. He presented all the sacred texts, including those he received from Guru Nanak, to Guru Amar Das. He died on March 29, 1552 at the age of forty-eight. It is said that he began to build a new city, at Goindwal near Khadur Sahib and Guru Amar Das Sahib was appointed to oversee its construction. It is also said that Humayun, when defeated by Sher Shah Suri, came to get the blessing from Guru Angad in regaining the throne of Delhi.
Guru Amar Das
Guru Amar Das became the third Sikh teacher in 1552 at the age of 73. Goindwal became an important center for Sikhism during Guruship Guru Amar Das. He continues to preach the principle of equality for women, Sati's ban and Langar practice. In 1567, Emperor Akbar sat with ordinary and poor people in Punjab to have Langar. Teacher Amar Das also trained 140 apostles, 52 of whom were women, to manage rapid religious expansion. Before he died in 1574, aged 95, he appointed his son-in-law, Jetha as the fourth Sikh Guru.
It is noted that prior to becoming Sikh, Bhai Amar Das, as he was known at the time, was a very religious Hindu Vaishanavite who spent most of his life doing all the rituals of pilgrimage and fasting from a devout Hindu. One day, Bhai Amar Das heard some of Guru Nanak's hymns sung by Aunt Amro Ji, daughter of Guru Angad, the second Sikh Guru. Aunt Amro married Bhai Sahib's brother, son of Bhai Manak Chand who was called Bhai Jasso. Bhai Sahib was so impressed and moved by this Shabads that he immediately decided to go to meet Guru Angad in Khadur Sahib. It is recorded that this incident occurred when Bhai Sahib was 61 years old.
In 1535, after meeting Master Angad, Bhai Sahib was deeply touched by Teacher's message that he became a devout Sikh. Soon he becomes involved in Rent (Services) to Master and Community. Under Master Angad's influence and Master's teachings, Bhai Amar Das became a devout Sikh. He adopted Master as his spiritual guide (Master). Bhai Sahib began living in Khadur Sahib, where he used to get up early and bring water from the Beas River to bathe Master; she will wash Master's clothes and take wood from the forest to 'Guru ka Langar'. He is so dedicated to Hire and Master and has completely extinguished pride and completely disappears in this commitment that he is regarded as a parent who is not interested in life; he was nicknamed Amru, and was generally ignored.
However, as a result of Bhai Sahib's commitment to Sikhi principles, special service and devotion to Sikhs, Guru Angad Sahib appointed Guru Amar Das Sahib as the third Nanak in March 1552 at the age of 73. He set up his headquarters in a newly built building. the city of Goindwal, founded by Guru Angad.
Soon a large number of Sikhs started flocking to Goindwal to meet the new Master. Here, Master Amar Das propagated the Sikh faith in a powerful, systematic and planned way. He divided the Sikh area Very into 22 centers of preaching or Manjis, each under the responsibility of a devout Sikh. He himself visited and sent Sikh missionaries to various parts of India to spread Sikhism.
Master Amar Das was impressed with Bhai Gurdas's thorough knowledge of Hindi and Sanskrit and Hinduism. Following the tradition of sending Masands across the country, Guru Amar Das sent Bhai Gurdas to Agra to spread the Gospel of Sikhism. Before leaving, Guru Amar Das prescribed the following routine for Sikhs:
Master Ji reinforces the 'Guru ka Langar' tradition and requires visitors to Teachers to eat first, saying that 'Pehle Pangat Phir Sangat' (first visit to Langar then go to Master). After Emperor Akbar came to meet Guru Sahib and he had to eat raw rice in Langar before he could interview Guru Sahib. He was so impressed with this system that he expressed his desire to give some royal property to 'Guru ka Langar', but Guru Sahib rejected him with respect.
He introduced new birth, marriage and death ceremonies. Thus it elevates the status of women and protects the rights of infant girls who are killed without question because they are considered to have no status. These teachings met with stiff resistance from Orthodox Hindus. He repaired three Gurpurbs for Sikh celebrations: Diwali, Vaisakhi and Maghi.
Teacher Amar Das not only teaches the equality of people regardless of their caste but also cultivates the idea of ​​equality of women. He strongly spoke against the practice of Sati (a Hindu wife who burned in the burning of her husband's body). Teacher Amar Das also did not approve a young unmarried widow for the rest of her life.
Guru Amar Das built "Baoli" at Goindwal Sahib has eighty-four steps and made it the first Sikh pilgrimage center in Sikhism history. He reproduces more copies of Guru Nanak and Guru Angad hymns. He also composed 869 (according to some of these chronicles are 709) verses (stanza) including Anand Sahib, and later on Guru Arjan (The fifth teacher) makes all parts of Shabads from Guru Granth Sahib.
When the time came for Aunt Bhani's younger daughter to marry, she chose a diligent and diligent young follower named Jetha from Lahore. Jetha came to visit Master with a party of pilgrims from Lahore and became so fascinated by Master's teachings that she had decided to stay at Goindwal. Here he gets a living grain and regularly attends the service of Guru Amar Das in his spare time.
Teacher Amar Das did not consider any of his sons to be suitable for Guruship and instead chose his son-in-law (Guru) Ram Das to replace him. Guru Amar Das Sahib at the age of 95 died on 1 September 1574 at Goindwal in Amritsar District, after giving Guruship responsibility to Nanakipip, Guru Ram Das.
Guru Ram Das
(Born in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan on September 24, 1534 - September 1, 1581, Amritsar, Punjab, India) was the fourth of the Ten Gurus of Sikhism, and he became Master on August 30, 1574, following in the footsteps of Guru Amar Das. He was born in Lahore to the Sodhi family of the Khatri clan. His father is Das Day and Anup Devi's mother, and his name is Jetha, which means 'first born'. His wife is Aunt Bhani, the younger daughter of Guru Amar Das, the third teacher of the Sikhs. They have three sons: Prithi Chand, Mahadev and Arjan Dev.
As a Master, one of his major contributions to Sikhism is regulating the structure of Sikh society. In addition, he is the author of Laava, the Marriage Hymns, the designer Harmandir Sahib, and the planner and creator of the township of Ramdaspur (later Amritsar).
A song by Guru Ram Das from Ang 305 from Guru Granth Sahib: "Someone who calls himself a Sikh from a true Master will wake up early and meditate on the Name of God Try regularly to clean, bathe and swim in the ambrosial pool. Master, sing Har, Har singing which, all bad deeds, sins and pains will disappear. "Guru Ram Das was nominated by Guru Arjan, his youngest son, as the next Sikh Guru.
Guru Arjan Dev
In 1581, Master Arjan - the youngest son of the fourth teacher - became Sikh's Fifth Master. In addition to being responsible for building the Golden Temple, he prepared the holy texts of Sikhs and his personal additions of about 2,000 plus hymns in Gur? Granth S? Hib.
In 1604, he installed "in Granth" for the first time as the Sikh Scriptures. In 1606, for refusing to make changes to Gur? Granth S? Hib, he was tortured and executed by the Mughal rulers of the time.
Guru Har Gobind
Teacher Har Gobind became the sixth Sikh teacher. He brings two swords - one for Spiritual reasons and one for earthly (earthly) reasons. From this point onwards, the Sikhs become military forces and always have trained combat forces to defend their independence.
Guru Hargobind repaired two Nishan Sahibs in the Flower Reality in front of Takht's Intellect. One flag to Harmandir Sahib and another short flag to Takht Intellect. The first represents the control of the temporal spiritual authority which then symbolizes the temporal power that states temporal power must be under the control of spiritual authority.
Guru Har Rai
Master Har Rai (February 26, 1630 - October 6, 1661) was the seventh of ten Sikhism Master, became Master on March 8, 1644, following in the footsteps of her grandfather, Guru Har Gobind, who is the sixth teacher. Before he died, he nominated Master Har Krishan, his youngest son, as the next Sikh Guru.
As a very young child he was disturbed by the pains of flowers that his cloak ravaged in passing. Although such feelings are common in children, Master Har Rai will be throughout her life noted for her compassion for life and sentient beings. His grandfather, famous as an avid hunter, is said to have saved the life of the Emperor Moghul Jahangir during the tiger attack. Master Har Rai went on hunting at the age of 31, the tradition of his grandfather's teacher, but he would not allow animals to be killed on the great Shikars. The Master caught the animal and added it to his zoo. He made several tours to the Malwa and Doaba areas of Punjab.
His son, Ram Rai, attempted to assuage Aurangzeb's concerns over a line in Guru Nanak's verse (Mitti Mussalmam ki pede pai kumhar) states that the word Mussalmam is a mistake on the part of the copyist, thus distorting Bani. The Teacher refused to see him again. The Guru is believed to have said, "Ram Rai, you have broken my commandments and sinned, I will never see you again because of your unfaithfulness." It was also reported to Master that Ram Rai had also made miracles at the Mughal court against his father's direct instructions. Sikhs are limited by their teachers not to believe in magic and myth or magic. Just before his death at the age of 31, Master Har Rai passed Gaddi Nanak to his younger son, the five-year-old Guru Har Krishan.
Master Har Rai is the son of Baba Gurdita and Mata Nihal Kaur (also known as Mata Ji Ananti). Baba Gurdita is the son of the sixth Guru, Guru Hargobind. Master Har Rai is married to Mata Kishan Kaur (sometimes also called Sulakhni), daughter of Sri Daya Ram from Anoopshahr (Bulandshahr) in Uttar Pradesh in Har Sudi 3, Samvat 1697. Har Rai's teacher has two sons: Baba Ram Rai and Sri Har Krishan.
Though, Master Har Rai is a peaceful man, she never dissolved the armed Sikh Soldier, who was previously nurtured by her grandfather, Guru Hargobind. He always boosts the Sikh military spirit, but he himself has never been involved in political controversy and armed directly with the contemporary Mughal Empire. One day, Dara Shikoh (eldest son of emperor Shah Jahan), came to Master Har Rai for help in a succession war with his brother, the killing Aurangzeb. The Master had promised his grandfather to use Sikh Cavalry only in defense. Nevertheless, he helped him escape safely from the bloody hands of Aurangzeb's armed forces by having his Sikh warriors hide all the ferry boats at the river crossings used by Dara Shikoh in his escape.
Guru Har Krishan
Master Har Krishan was born in Kirat Pur, Ropar (Punjabi: ???? ???????) (July 7, 1656 - March 30, 1664) was the eighth Sikhism Expert, became Master on October 7, 1661, following in the footsteps of his father , Master Har Rai. Before Har Krishan died of a complication of smallpox, he nominated his grandfather, Guru Teg Bahadur, as the next Sikh Guru. The following is a summary of the main highlights of his short life:
When Har Krishan lived in Delhi there was an outbreak of smallpox and many people were dying. According to Sikh history of the blessing of Har Krishan, the lake at Bangla Sahib provides medicine for thousands of people. Gurdwara Bangla Sahib was built in Master's memory. This is where he stayed during his visit to Delhi. Gurdwara Bala Sahib was built in south Delhi beside the banks of the Yamuna river, where Har Krishan was cremated at the age of about 7 years and 8 months. Master Har Krishan is the youngest Master at the age of 7 years. He made no contribution to Gurbani.
Guru Tegh Bahadur ji
Tegh Bahadur's teacher is the ninth of the Sikh Teachers. Tegh Bahadur's teacher sacrificed himself to protect Hindus. Aurungzeb forcibly converts Hindus to Muslims. The Hindus from Kashmir went to Bahadur's Teg Guru for protection and begging for help. Teachers asked them to tell Aurungzeb that if he changed Guru Tegadur Bahadur to Islam then they all became Muslims. He was asked by Aurungzeb, the Emperor of Mughal, under compulsion by the Naqshbandi Islamic group, to convert to Islam or to sacrifice himself. The exact place where he died was in front of the Red Fort in Delhi (Lal Qila) and the gurdwara called Sisganj. This marks the turning point for Sikhism. His successor, Guru Gobind Singh is increasingly bubbling his followers.
Guru Gobind Singh Ji
Guru Gobind Singh is the tenth Sikh teacher. He was born in 1666 in Patna (Capital of Bihar, India). In 1675, experts from Kashmir in India came to Anandpur Sahib to ask Guru Teg Bhadur (Mr. Guru Gobind Singh) about Aurangzeb who forced them to convert to Islam. Master Bahadur's teacher told them that great martyrs are needed. His son, Guru Gobind Singh says "Who can become bigger than you", to his father. Master Bahadur's teacher told the experts to tell Aurangzeb people that if Guru Teg Bahadur would become a Muslim, they would all do it. Bahadur's Master teacher was later killed in Delhi, but before that he assigned Master Gobind Singh as the 10th Master at the age of 9. After being a teacher he ordered Sikhs to be armed. He fought many battles with Aurangzeb and several other Kings at that time, but always won.
Khalsa Creation
In 1699 he created the Khalsa panth , by giving amrit to sikhs. In 1704 he fought in a great battle with Aurangzeb's collective forces, Wazir Khan (Head of Sarhind), and other kings. He left Anandpur and went to Chamkaur with only 40 sikh. There he fought in the Battle of Chamkaur with 40 sikh, far more than the Mughal army. His two older sons (at the age of 17, 15) were killed there. Wazir Khan killed two others (ages 9, 6). Teacher Ji sent Aurangzeb to Zafarnamah ( Victory Notice ). Then he went to Nanded (Maharashtra, India). From there he made Baba Gurbakhash Singh, also alias Baba Banda Singh Bahadur, as his general and sent him to Punjab.
In the afternoon when Baba Gurbakhash Singh went to Punjab, Guru Gobind Singh was visited by two Muslim soldiers. One of them was commissioned by Wazir Khan, Subedar of Sirhind, to kill Guru Gobind Singh. One of the attackers, Bashal Beg, kept watch outside Teacher's tent while Jamshed Khan, a hit man, stabbed Master twice. Khan was killed in a single blow by Master, while those who were outside, alerted by a commotion, killed Beg. Although the wound was sewn the next day, Master died in Nanded, Maharashtra, India in 1708.
Shortly before dying, Master Gobind Singh ordered that Master Granth Sahib (Sikh Scripture), would become the supreme spiritual authority for the Sikhs and the temporal authority would be given to the Khalsa Panth - Sikh Nation. The first Sikh scriptures were composed and edited by the Fifth Master, Arjan's Master in 1604 CE, although some previous teachers were also known to have documented their revelation. This is one of the few scriptures in the world that have been devised by the founders of faith during their own lifetime. The Guru Granth Sahib is unique among the deep sacred texts written in the Gurmukhi script but contains many languages ​​including Punjabi, Hindustani, Sanskrit, Bhojpuri, Assamese and Persian. Sikh considers Master Granth Sahib, the last immortal teacher of life.
Banda Singh Bahadur
Banda Singh Bahadur was chosen to lead Sikh by Guru Gobind Singh. He successfully established the Sikh Empire that spread from Uttar Pradesh to Punjab. He fought against the tyranny of the Mughal state of Islam and gave the commoners the courage, equality, and rights of the Punjab. On his way to Punjab, Banda Singh punishes robbers and other criminal elements making him popular among people. Banda Singh inspires the minds of non-Muslims, who come to view the Sikhs as defenders of their faith and country. Banda Singh has no army but Guru Gobind Singh in a Hukamnamama called for the Punjabs to take weapons under the leadership of Banda Singh overthrow and destroy the oppressive Mughal ruler, oppressed Muslims and oppressed Hindus also join him in the popular uprising against the tyrants.
Banda Singh Bahadur camped in Khar Khoda, near Sonipat from there he took over Sonipat and Kaithal. In 1709 Banda Singh captured the Mughal town in Samana with the help of rebelling the Hindus and oppressed people, killing about 10,000 Mohammad. Samana is known for coin coin, with this treasury Sikhs are financially stable. The Sikh immediately took over Mustafabad and Sadhora (near Jagadhri). The Sikhs then captured the Cis-Sutlej region in the Punjab including Ghurham, Kapori, Banoor, Malerkotla and Nahan. The Sikh captured Sirhind in 1710 and killed Sirhind Governor, Wazir Khan who was responsible for the death of two of his youngest sons, Guru Gobind Singh in Sirhind. Being the Sirhind ruler Banda Singh gave orders to give land ownership to farmers and let them live in dignity and self-esteem. Small offices are also satisfied with the change. Dindar Khan, a nearby village official, brought Amrit and became Dinder Singh and Sirhind newspaper writer, Mir Nasir-ud-din, to Mir Nasir Singh
Banda Singh developed the village of Mukhlisgarh, and made it his capital. He then renamed the city to Lohgarh (a steel fortress) where he took out his own mint. The coin describes Lohgarh: "Struck in the City of Peace, illustrates the beauty of social life, and the ornaments of the blessed throne." He briefly founded a state in Punjab for half a year. Banda Singh sends Sikhs to Uttar Pradesh and Sikh takes over Saharanpur, Jalalabad, Saharanpur, and other nearby areas to bring aid to the oppressed population. In the Jalandhar and Amritsar regions, Sikhs began to fight for the rights of the people. They use their newly established power to remove corrupt officials and replace them with honest ones.
Banda Singh is known to have abolished or stopped the Zamindari system while he was active and gave ownership to the peasants over their own land. It seems that all classes of government officials are addicted to extortion and corruption and the whole system of order and order has been overthrown. The local tradition reminds that people from Sadaura neighborhoods coming to Banda Singh complain about the criminal practice by their landlords. Banda Singh ordered Baj Singh to shoot them. People are surprised at the strange answer to their representatives, and asks what he means. He tells them that they do not deserve better care when they become thousands of them still allow themselves to be destroyed by a handful of Zamindars.
The Sikh rule of the whole of the eastern Punjab of Lahore precludes communication between Delhi and Lahore, the capital of Punjab, and this worries the Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah He submitted his plan to subdue the rebels in Rajasthan and march towards Punjab. The entire Imperial army is set to defeat and kill Banda Singh. All generals were directed to join the Emperor's army. To ensure that no Sikh agents were in the army camp, an order was issued on 29 August 1710 to all Hindus to shave their beards.
Banda Singh was in Uttar Pradesh when Moghal troops under Munim Khan's orders marched to Sirhind and before Banda Singh's return they had taken Sirhind and the surrounding area. Therefore Sikhs move to Lohgarh for their final battle. Sikhs defeated the army but reinforcements were called and they surrounded the fort with 60,000 troops. Gulab Singh wore clothes in Banda Singh and sat in his place. Banda Singh leaves the castle at night and goes to the secret place in the hills and the Chamba forest. Failure of soldiers to kill or capture Banda Singh shocked the Emperor, Bahadur Shah and On December 10, 1710 he ordered that wherever a Sikh was found, he had to be killed. The Emperor became mentally disturbed and died on February 18, 1712.
Banda Singh Bahadur wrote the Hukamnamas to the Sikhs who ordered them to reorganize themselves and join them immediately. In 1711 the Sikh gathered near Kiratpur Sahib and defeated King Bhim Chand, who was responsible for arranging all Rajas Hill against Guru Gobind Singh and inciting the battle with him. After Bhim Chand died, other Hill Rajas received their subordinate status and paid income to Banda Singh. While Bahadur Shah's 4 sons committed suicide because of the Mughal emperor Banda Singh Bahadur recaptured Sadhura and Lohgarh. Farrukh Siyar, next Moghal's Emperor, appointed Abdus Samad Khan as Lahore governor and Zakaria Khan, son of Abdus Samad Khan, Faujdar from Jammu. In 1713, the Sikhs left Lohgarh and Sadhura and went to the remote hill of Jammu and where they built Dera Baba Banda Singh. During this time the Sikhs were hunted mainly by poor people in the Gurdaspur region. Banda Singh came out and arrested Kalanaur and Batala who reprimanded Farrukh Siyar to release Mughal and Hindu officials and heads to extend their troops to Lahore to strengthen his troops.
In March 1715, Banda Singh Bahadur was in the village of Gurdas Nangal, Gurdaspur, Punjab, when the army under the control of Samad Khan, the king of the Delhi Mogul surrounded Sikh troops. The Sikh fought and defended the small fort for eight months. On December 7, 1715 Banda Singh, starvation soldiers were arrested.
Execution
On December 7, 1715 Banda Singh Bahadur was captured from Gurdas Nangal fortress and put into an iron cage and the rest of the Sikhs were arrested, chained. Sikhs were brought to Delhi in a procession with 780 Sikh prisoners, 2,000 Sikh heads hung on spears, and 700 Sikh slaughtered headbands used to terrorize the population. They were placed in Delhi's stronghold and pressed to renounce their beliefs and become Muslims. For their strong refusal they were all ordered to be executed. Every day, 100 Sikhs are taken out of the castle and killed in public every day, which lasts about seven days. The Mussalman could hardly contain themselves from joy while the Sikhs showed no sign of disappointment or humiliation, instead they sang their sacred hymns; no one is afraid to die or let go of their faith. After 3 months of confinement On June 9, 1716, Banda Singh's eyes were pruned, his limbs broke, his skin was lifted, and then he was killed.
Sikh retreats into the forest
In 1716 Farrukh Siyar, Mughal Emperor, expelled all Sikhs to convert to Islam or die, an attempt to destroy the Sikh power and wipe out society as a whole. Prizes are awarded for the head of every Sikh. For a time it seemed as if Farrukh Siyar's splendor to remove the Sikh name from the land would be fulfilled. Hundreds of Sikhs were brought from their villages and executed, and thousands who joined only for the spoils cut their hair and returned to Hindu temples again. In addition, there are some Sikhs who have not received Master Gobind Singh's baptism, and they also do not feel compelled to do so, since the adoption of the outer symbol means suspended animation.
After several years of Adbus Samad Khan, the Governor of Lahore, Punjab, and other Mughal officers began to pursue Sikhs less and thus the Sikhs returned to the villages and began to go back to Gurdwara, which was run by Udasis when the Sikhs were in hiding. Sikhs celebrate Bandhi Chorh Diwas and Vaisakhi in Harmandir Sahib. Khalsa has been split into two main factions Bandia Khalsa and Tat Khalsa and the tension spewed up between the two.
Under the authority of Sundari Eye Bhai Mani Singh became Jathedar of the Harminder Sahib and a leader of Sikh and Bandia Khalsa and Tat Khalsa joined Bhai Mani Singh to Tat Khalsa and after the events of that day Bandeis assumed a quieter role and practically disappeared from the pages history. A police station was established in Amritsar to keep an eye on the Sikhs.
Abdus Samad Khan, moved to Multan in 1726, and Son more energetic, Zakaria Khan, also known as Khan Bahadur, was appointed to replace him as governor of Lahore. In 1726, Tarra Singh of Wan, a famous Sikh leader, and 26 people died after Governor Zakaria Khan sent 2,200 horses, 40 zamburak, 5 elephants and 4 cannons under his command, Momim Khan. The murder of Tarra Singh spread throughout the Sikhs in Punjab and Sikh. Not finding Sikhs around it, the government wrongly announces in every village the drum rhythm that all Sikhs have been eliminated but ordinary people know the truth that this is not the case. Sikhs do not face soldiers directly, because of their small numbers, but adopt guerrilla war tactics (hit and run) dhai phut .
Under the leadership of Nawab Kapoor Singh and Jathedar Darbara Singh, in an effort to weaken their enemies looted many Mughal caravans and equipment and for several years no money from revenue could reach the government's treasury. When the power of the government tries to punish the criminals, they can not contact them, because Sikhs do not live in houses or fortresses, but flee to their meeting places in the woods or other places that are difficult to access.
Video History of Sikhism
Age of Revolution (1750 CE - 1914 CE)
Nawab Lime Singh
Nawab Kapur Singh was born in 1697 in a village near Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan. He was given a joke in 1733 when the Punjab Governor offered a Sikh, Nawabship (possession of a treasure) and a precious royal robe, Khalsa received everything under the name of Kapur Singh. Since then, he is known as Nawab Kapur Singh. In 1748 he would organize the early Sikh Misls to Dal Khalsa (Budda Dal and Tarna Dal).
Nawab Kapur Singh's father was Chaudhri Daleep Singh as the boy he memorized Gurbani Nitnem and taught the art of war. Lime Singh was interested in Khalsa Panth after the execution of Bhai Tara Singh, the village of Van, in 1726.
Extensive looting of Mughal government
Khalsa held a meeting to create a plan to respond to the state's oppression of people in the region and they decided to take a procession of money and government weapons to weaken the government, and to equip themselves in the face of daily attacks. Lime Singh was assigned to plan and implement these projects.
Information was obtained that money was being transported from Multan to Lahore's treasures; Khalsa looted the money and took over the hands and horses of the guards. They then took over a lakh rupee from kasoor treasury treasures away from Mattress to Lahore. Next they captured a caravan of Afghan territory that resulted in catching many arms and horses.
Khalsa seizes a number of vilayati horses (Superior Central Asia) from Murtaza Khan will go to Delhi in Kahna Kachha forest. Some additional warfare supplies were taken from Afghanistan to Delhi and Kapur Singh set up attacks to arrest them. In another attack, Khalsa discovered gold and silver meant to be carried from Peshawar to Delhi by Jaffar Khan, a royal official.
The side of government with Khalsa
The Mughal rulers and commanders alongside the Delhi government lost all hope of defeating the Sikhs through oppression and decided to develop another strategy, Zakaria Khan, Governor of Lahore, went to Delhi where it was decided to befriend Sikhs and rule in cooperation with them and in 1733 the ruler of Dehli withdrew all orders against the Khalsa. Sikhs are now allowed to own land and move freely without violence against them. To cooperate with Khalsa Panth, and win the goodwill of the people, the government sent a real offer and Nawabship through the famous Lahore Sikh, Subeg Singh. Khalsa does not want to rule freely and is not under the power of subordinate positions. But this offer was finally accepted and this title was awarded to Kapur Singh after it was consecrated by the touch of the Five Khalsas feet. So Kapur Singh became Nawab Lime Singh. Lime Singh guides Sikhs in strengthening themselves and preaching Gurmat to people. He knew that peace would be short-lived. He encourages people to freely visit their Gurdwaras and meet their families in the villages.
Dal Khalsa
Khalsa reorganizes itself into two divisions, the younger generation will become part of Taruna Dal, which provides the ultimate fighting force, while the Sikhs over the age of forty will be part of Dal Dalha, which grants Gurdwaras and Gurmat's management responsibilities. Dal Dalha will be responsible for tracking the movement of government troops, planning their defense strategy, and they provide backup combat power to Taruna Dal.
The following steps are set by Nawab Kapur Singh:
- Any money earned from anywhere by Jatha should be kept in the Common Khalsa Fund.
- Khalsa must have Langer together for both Dals.
- Every Sikh must respect his Jathedar command. Anyone who goes anywhere will get permission from him and report to him on his return.
5 Sikh Misls from Dal Khalsa
The Taruna Dal quickly increased to more than 12,000 people who were recruited and soon became difficult to manage the house and feed a large number of people in one place. Then it was decided to have five divisions from Dal, each to take a share of the central stock and to cook his own langar. These five divisions are housed around five sarovars (holy pools) around Amritsar ie Ramsar, Bibeksar, Lachmansar, Kaulsar and Santokhsar. The division then became known as Misls and their number increased to eleven. Each took over and governed a different region in Punjab. Collectively they call themselves Sarbat Khalsa.
Preparing Jassa Singh Ahluwalia for leadership
Being the leader of Khalsa Nawab Kapur Singh was given additional responsibility by Mata Sundari, the wife of Guru Gobind Singh sent the young Kapur Singh Jassa Singh Ahluwalia and told him that Ahluwalia was like his son and that Nawab should raise him like an ideal Sikh. Ahluwalia under the guidance of Kapur Singh, was well educated in Gurbani and a thorough training in managing Sikh affairs. Then Jassa Singh Ahluwalia will be an important role in leading Sikhs to govern themselves.
Country oppression
In 1735, the Lahore rulers attacked and took over the jagir (property) given to the Sikhs only two years before but Nawab Kapur Singh in reaction decided all Punjab should be taken over by Sikhs. This decision was taken against the most likely but supported by Khalsa and all Sikhs assured him of their full cooperation in his quest to govern himself. Zakariya Khan Bahadur sent cruise troops to hunt and kill Sikhs. Orders are issued for all administrators to village level officials to search for Sikhs, kill them, get them arrested, or report their whereabouts to the government. A year's salary is offered to anyone who will kill a Sikh and deliver his head to the police station. Gifts are also promised to those who help arrest Sikhs. People who provide food or shelter for Sikhs or help them in any way are severely punished.
This is the period when Sikhs are sawn, burned alive, their heads are crushed with a hammer and small children are stabbed with spears in front of their mother's eyes. To keep their spirits high, the Sikhs developed their high-sounding terms and slogans: For example. The leaves of boiled trees for food are called 'green dishes'; dried beans are called 'almonds'; Babul tree is a 'rose'; a blind man is a 'brave man', riding a buffalo is 'riding an elephant'.
Soldiers chase Sikhs who hide out near the hills and force them to cross the river and seek security on the Malwa channel. When Lime Singh reached Patiala, he met Maharaja Baba Ala Singh who later brought Amrit and Lime Singh to help him increase the boundaries of his country. In 1736 Khalsa attacked Sirhind, where two younger boys from Guru Gobind Singh were killed. Khalsa took over the city, took over the treasury and they set up Gurdwara in historic places and resigned. While near Amritsar the Lahore government sent troops to attack Sikhs. Lime Singh entrusted the treasury to Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, while having enough Sikhs to keep the army involved. When Jassa Singh scrutinized, Khalsa safely retreated to Tarn Taran Sahib. Lime Singh sent a message to Tauna Dal asking them to help them in battle. After days of fighting Kapur Singh from the trench excavated by the Khalsa shockedly attacked a command post that killed three generals alongside many Mughal officers. The Mughal army retreated to Lahore.
Zakaria Khan called his advisor to plan another strategy for dealing with Sikhs. It is suggested that Sikhs should not be allowed to visit Amrit Sarovar, which is believed to be the source of their lives and the source of their power. A strong contingent is placed around the city and all entries for Harmandir Sahib are examined. Sikhs, however, risked their lives, continue to pay homage to the shrine and swim in Sarovar (sacred pool) in the darkness of night. When Lime Singh went to Amritsar he quarreled with Qadi Abdul Rehman. He has declared that the Sikhs who were called lions, would not dare come to Amritsar and face him. In the ensuing battle, Abdul Rehman was killed. When his son tried to save him, he also lost his life. In 1738 Bhai Mani Singh was executed.
Sikhs attack Nader Shah
In 1739 Nader Shah of the Turkish Afsharid dynasty invaded and plundered the treasury of the Indian subcontinent. Nader Shah killed over 100,000 people in Delhi and brought in all the gold and valuables. He added hundreds of herds of elephants and horses to the caravan, along with thousands of young women and Indian craftsmen. When Lime Singh knew this, he decided to warn Nader Shah that if it were not the local ruler, then the Sikhs would protect innocent Muslim and Hindu women for sale as slaves. While crossing the Chenab River, Sikhs attacked the rear of the caravan, freed many women, freed the craftsmen, and restored some of the treasure. The Sikhs continue to harass him and lighten him of his booty until he retreats from the Punjab.
Sikh kills Massa Rangar
Massa Ranghar, Mughal's office, has taken control of Amritsar. When smoking and drinking at Harmandir Sahib, he watched nautch girls dance. The Sikhs who had moved to Bikaner, a desert region, for safety, were very angry at hearing this betrayal. In 1740 Sukha Singh and Mehtab Singh, went to Amritsar disguised as a revenue collector. They tie their horses outside, walking straight to Harmandir Sahib, cutting their heads, and bringing them with them. It is a lesson for the ruler that no tyrant will be punished.
Sikh loot Abdus Samad Khan
Abdus Samad Khan, a senior Mughal royal commander, was sent from Delhi to conquer the Sikhs. Lime Singh knows the scheme and plans his own strategy. As soon as the soldiers were sent to hunt down the Sikhs, a Jatha command disguised as Khan's messenger went to the armory. The commander there was told that Abdus Samad Khan was holding the Sikh under siege and wanted him with all his strength to go and arrest them. Some of the remaining guards were then ruled by Sikhs, and all weapons and ammunition were looted and taken to the Sikh camp.
Mughals increases persecution
Abdus Samad Khan sent many cruisers to search and kill Sikhs. He was responsible for the torture and murder of Bhai Mani Singh, Granthi's head of Harimand Sahib. Samad Khan fears that the Sikh will kill him so he remains far behind the battle line. Kapur Singh has plans to arrest him. During the battle, Kapur Singh ordered his men to withdraw to pull out combat troops with them. He then spins and falls on the back of the army. Samad Khan and his guards were lying dead on the ground within hours. The Punjab governor also takes extra measure for Sikh peace. He started living in the fortress. He did not even dare to visit the mosque outside the fort for prayer.
At the request of Dal's Buddhist members, Kapur Singh visited Patiala. The sons of Sardar Ala Singh, founder and Maharajah of the state of Patiala, gave him a royal welcome. Kapur Singh subjected all local administrators around Delhi who did not behave well to their people.
Zakaria Khan died in 1745. His successor tightened security around Amritsar. Kapur Singh plans to stop the Amritsar siege. Jassa Singh Ahluwalia was the commander of the attacking Sikh forces. In 1748, the Sikh attacked. Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, with the commando troops behind him, ran to the army commander and cut it into two with his sword. The commander's niece was also killed.
Khalsa strengthens military development
Sikhs built their first fortress Ram Rauni in Amritsar in 1748. In December 1748, Governor Mir Mannu had to take his troops outside Lahore to stop Ahmad Shah Abdali's progress. Sikhs quickly beat the police guard station in Lahore and confiscated all their weapons and released all the prisoners. Nawab Kapur Singh told the sheriff to tell the Governor that, the sheriff of God, the True Emperor, came and did as he was told. Before the police can report the matter to the authorities, or the army can be summoned, the Khalsa have already ridden their horse back into the forest. Nawab Kapur Singh died in 1753.
Jassa Singh Ahluwalia
Jassa Singh Ahluwalia was born in 1718. His father, Badar Singh, died when Ahluwalia was only four years old. His mother took him to Mata Sundari, the wife of Guru Gobind Singh when Ahluwalia was young. Sundri's eyes were impressed by the melodious singing of his songs and made Ahluwalia close to hearing. Then Jassa Singh Ahluwalia was adopted by Nawab Kapoor Singh, who later became the leader of the Sikhs. Ahluwalia follows all the Sikh qualities needed for the Ahluwalia leader to sing Asa in Var in the morning and it is appreciated by all Dal Khalsa and Ahluwalia is constantly busy doing seva (unconditional service). He became very popular with Sikhs. He used to tie his turban in Mughal mode when he was raised in Delhi. Ahluwalia studied horseback riding and swordsmanship from expert teachers.
In 1748 Jassa Singh Ahluwalia became supreme commander of all the Misls. Jassa Singh Ahluwalia is honored with the title of Sultanul Kaum (King of Nations). Jassa Singh Ahluwalia is the head of Ahluwalia Misl and then after Nawab Kapoor Singh became the leader of all the Misls together called Dal Khalsa. He played a leading role in leading the Khalsa to self-rule in the Punjab. In 1761, Dal Khalsa under Ahluwalia, will take over Lahore, the capital of Punjab, for the first time. They were rulers of Lahore for several months and printed their own Nanakshahi rupee coins on behalf of 'Guru Nanak - Guru Gobind Singh'.
Chhota Ghalughara (The Lesser Massacre)
In 1746 about seven thousand Sikhs were killed and three thousand to fifteen thousand Sikhs were taken prisoners during the order of the Mughal Empire when Zakaria Khan, Lahore Governor and Lakhpat Rai, Divan (Minister of Income) Zakaria Khan sent military teams to kill people Sikhs.
Jaspat Rai, a jagirdar (landlord) from the Eminabad area and also the brother of Lakhpat Rai, faced the Sikh in the battle of one of the Sikhs holding his elephant's tail and rising from the back and with a quick move he cut off his head. Seeing their master was killed, troops fled. Lakhpat Rai, after this incident, committed to destroying Sikhs.
Through March-May 1746, a new wave of violence began against Sikhs with all the resources available to the Mughal government, village officials were ordered to cooperate on the expedition. Zakaria Khan issued an order that no one gives Sikh aid or protection and warns that severe consequences will be taken against anyone who disobeyed this order. Locals were forced to work to find Sikhs killed by soldiers. Lakhpat Rai ordered the Sikh temples to be destroyed and their scriptures burned. Information about including Jassa Singh Ahluwalia and a large number of Sikhs camped at the bottom of the river in Gurdaspur district (Kahnuwan line). Zakaria Khan managed to have 3,000 Sikhs from these captured Sikhs and then they were beheaded in a batch at Nakhas (a horse market place outside Delhi's gates). Sikhs lifted a memorial shrine known as Shahidganj (the treasure house of martyrs) in the last place.
In 1747, Shah Nawaz took over as Governor of Lahore. To please Sikh, Lakhpat Rai was imprisoned by the new Governor. Lakhpat Rai received severe penalties and was eventually killed by the Sikhs.
Retake Amritsar
In 1747, Salabat Khan, a newly appointed Mughal commander, stationed police around Amritsar and built observation posts to find and kill Sikhs who had come to Amrit Sarovar for a holy swim. Jassa Singh Ahluwalia and Nawab Kapoor Singh led Sikhs to Amritsar, and Salabat Khan was killed by Ahluwalia, and his niece was killed by Kapur Singh's arrow. Sikhs restore Harmandir Sahib and celebrate their Diwali meetings there.
Reorganize Misls
In 1748 all Misls joined themselves under one command and on the advice of the old Jathedar Nawab Kapoor Singh Jassa Singh Ahluwalia was appointed the highest leader. They also decide to declare that the Punjab belongs to them and they will become the sovereign of the sovereign state. The Sikh also built their first fortress, named Ram Rauni, in Amritsar.
Khalsa side with Government
Adina Beg, Faujdar (garrison commander) of Jalandhar, sent a message to Dal Khalsa's chief to cooperate with him in the civil administration, and he wanted a meeting to discuss the matter. This is seen as a trick to disarm the Sikhs and keep them under the control of the government. Jassa Singh Ahluwalia replied that their meeting place would be a battleground and discussion would be done by their swords. Beg attacked Ram Rauni fort in Amritsar and besieged Sikhs there. Kaura Mal Council advised the Governor to lift the siege and prepare the army to protect the country from the Durrani invaders, Ahmed Shah Abdali. Kaura Mal has a share of Patti's local revenue given to Sikhs for the repair and management of Harmandir Sahib, Amritsar.
Kaura Mal must go to Multan to quell the rebellion there. He asks for Sikh help and they agree to join him. After the victory in Multan, Kaura came to pay homage to Darbar Sahib, and offered 11,000 rupees and built Gurdwara Bal-Leela; He also spent 3,000,000 rupees to build Sarover (holy water) in Nankana Sahib, the birthplace of Guru Nanak Dev. In 1752, Kaura Mall was killed in battle with Ahmed Shah Abdali and state policy against Sikhs rapidly changed. Mir Mannu, Governor, began to hunt down the Sikhs again. He arrested many men and women, put them in jail and tortured them. In November 1753, when he went to kill the Sikhs who hid in the fields, they showered him with a rain of bullets and Mannu fell off the horse and the animal dragged him to death. Sikhs soon went to Lahore, attacked the prison, and freed all the prisoners and took them to a safe place in the forest.
Harmandir Sahib destroyed in 1757
In May 1757, the Afghan general Durrani of Ahmad Shah Abdali, Jahan Khan attacked Amritsar with a large army and Sikhs because of their small numbers decided to retreat to the forest. Their fortress, Ram Rauni, was destroyed, Harmandir Sahib was also destroyed, and the army tarnished Sarovar (holy water) by filling it with debris and dead animals. Baba Deep Singh made history when he cut 20,000 Durrani soldiers and reached Harmandir Sahib, Amritsar.
Khalsa reinforcement region
Adina Beg did not pay any income to the government so the Governor dismissed him and appointed a new Faujdar (garrison commander) in his place. Soldiers are sent to arrest him and this encourages Adina Beg to ask for Sikh help. Sikhs take advantage of the situation and to weaken the government, they fight against the army. One of the commanders was killed by a Sikh and the other was abandoned. Later, the Sikhs attacked Jalandhar and thus became the rulers of all the channels between the Sutlej and Beas rivers, called Doaba. Instead of wandering in the woods now they rule the cities.
Sikhs began to bring more territory under their control and realized their income. In 1758, joining the Mahrattas, they conquered Lahore and captured many of the Afghan soldiers responsible for filling Amrit Sarovar with debris several months earlier. They were taken to Amritsar and made to clean up Sarovar (holy water). After Sarovar's cleansing, the soldiers were allowed home with a warning that they should not do that again.
Ahmed Shah Abdali came again in October 1759 to plunder Delhi. The Sikh gave him a good fight and killed more than 2,000 soldiers. Instead of being involved with the Sikhs, he made great progress in Delhi. Khalsa decides to collect revenue from Lahore to prove to people that the Sikhs are the rulers of the state. The Lahore governor shut the city gate and did not go out to fight against them. Sikh-Sikh surrounds the city. After a week, the Governor agreed to pay 30,000 rupees to the Sikhs.
Ahmed Shah Abdali returned from Delhi in March 1761 with much gold and more than 2,000 young girls as prisoners to be sold to the Afghan people in Kabul. When Abdali crossed the Beas river, the Sikhs swiftly fell upon them. They released the women prisoners and drove them back to their homes. Sikh took over Lahore in September 1761, after Abdali returned to Kabul.
Khalsa prints their coins on Guru Nanak Dev's name. Sikh, as the ruler of the city, receives full cooperation from the people. Having been the Governor of Lahore, Punjab Jassa Singh Ahluwalia was given the title Sultan-ul-Kaum (King of the Nation).
Wadda Ghalughara (The Great Massacre)
In the winter of 1762, after losing his booty from Delhi to Sikh, Durrani's emperor, Ahmad Shah Abdali brought a well-equipped large army to complete the Sikhs forever. Sikhs were near Ludhiana on their way to the woods and dry areas of the south and Abdali moved from Lahore very quickly and arrested a completely unprepared Sikh. They have women, children, and parents with them. A total of 30,000 Sikhs are said to have been killed by soldiers. Jassa Singh Ahluwalia himself received about two dozen wounds. It took fifty trains to transport the victim's head to Lahore. The Sikhs call this Wadda Ghalughara (Great Massacre).
Harmandir Sahib exploded in 1762
Ahmad Shah Abdali, fearing Sikh retaliation, sent a message that he was willing to give some territory to the Sikhs to be ruled by them. Jassa Singh Ahluwalia declined his offer and told him that the Sikhs had Punjab and they did not recognize his authority at all. Abdali went to Amritsar and destroyed Harmandir Sahib again by filling it with powder hoping to remove the source of "life" of Sikhs. While Abdali destroyed Harminder Sahib, he was beaten with bricks; then in 1772 Abdali died of cancer from the 'gangrene ulcer' consumed by his nose. Within a few months, Sikhs attacked Sirhind and moved to Amritsar.
Sikh retakes Lahore
In 1764, the Sikhs shot dead Zain Khan Sirhindi Durrani, the Governor of Sirhind, and the area around Sirhind was divided between Sikh Misldars and the money earned from the treasury was used to rebuild Harmandir Sahib. Gurdwara Fatehgarh Sahib was built in Sirhind, where the two youngest sons of Guru Gobind Singh were killed. Sikhs started attacking Govind Shahi coins and in 1765 they took over Lahore again.
In 1767 when Ahmed Shah Abdali arrived again he sent a message to the Sikhs for their cooperation. He offered them the Punjab governor but was rejected. The Sikhs who used guerrilla attacks repeatedly seized a caravan of 1,000 camels loaded with fruits from Kabul. The Sikh-Sikh once again controls the area between Sutlej and Ravi. After Abdali's departure to Kabul, the Sikh crossed Sutlej and brought Sirhind and other areas to Delhi, throughout the Punjab under their control.
Shah Alam II, Mughal Emperor of Delhi lives in Allahabad, orders his commander Zabita Khan to fight Sikhs. Zabita made a truce with them instead and then dismissed from the service Nature. Zabita Khan later became Sikh and was given a new name, Dharam Singh.
Qadi Nur Mohammed, who came to Punjab with Ahmad Shah Abdali and attended during numerous Sikh battles writing about the Sikhs:
Peace in Amritsar
Ahmad Shah Abdali, fearing the Sikhs, did not follow his normal route through the Punjab when he returned to Kabul. Jassa Singh Ahluwalia does not add more areas to his Misl. On the contrary, whenever wealth or village comes to Sikh hands, he shares it among the Jathedars of all the Misls. Ahluwalia passed his last years in Amritsar. With the resources available to him, he repaired all the buildings, improved Gurdwaras management, and provided better civilian facilities for Amritsar residents. He wants every Sikh to take Amrit before joining Dal Khalsa.
Ahluwalia died in 1783 and was cremated near Amritsar. There is a city block, Katra Ahluwalia, in Amritsar named after him. This block was given to his Misl to honor his whereabouts there and protect the city of Amritsar.
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