The Jazz Age is a period in the 1920s and 1930s where jazz and dance styles quickly gained national popularity. The impact of Jazz Age culture is especially felt in the United States, the birthplace of jazz. Originally from New Orleans as a mixture of African and European music, jazz played an important role in the wider cultural changes of this period, and its influence on pop culture continued long after that. The Jazz Age is often called along with Roaring Twenties. American writer F. Scott Fitzgerald is widely credited with the term coining, first using it in the 1922 title of his short story collection, Tales of the Jazz Age .
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Musik Jazz
Jazz music originated in New Orleans in the "sub-style" of Dixieland Jazz. Jazz is a hybrid of African and European influences. From the influence of Africa, jazz gets its rhythm, the quality of "blues", and the tradition of playing or singing in one's expressive way. From European influences, jazz gets harmonies and instruments (saxophone, trumpet, piano, etc.). Both influences use improvisation that becomes a big part of jazz. New Orleans provides a great opportunity for such an event because it is a port city, with many different cultures and beliefs interwoven. While in New Orleans, jazz is influenced by the most important creole, ragtime, and blues music. Two important aspects of jazz are swing and improvisation. Louis Armstrong's most influential jazz roots that are most influential on jazz is bringing an improvised soloist to the front line. The birth of jazz music is credited to African Americans, but is expanded and over time being modified to become socially acceptable to middle-class whites. Those who are critical of jazz see it as music from people without training or skills. White players are used as a vehicle for popularizing jazz music in America. Although the jazz movement was taken over by middle-class white residents, it facilitated the ranks of African American tradition and ideals with white middle-class society. Cities like New York and Chicago are the cultural centers for jazz, and especially for African-American artists. People who are not familiar with jazz can not recognize it in the way the Africans write it. Furthermore, the African-American writer's way of writing about jazz makes it seem as though it were not the achievement of a racial culture.
Prohibition
The prohibition in the United States was a national constitutional ban on the production, importation, transportation and sale of alcoholic beverages from 1920 to 1933.
By 1920 the law was widely ignored, and tax revenues were lost. Well-organized gangsters gang took over the supply of beer and liquor for many cities, unleashing a wave of crime that shocked the nation. In the late 1920s, a new opposition was mobilized nationally. Blindly attacking the ban as a cause of crime, decreasing local income, and imposing religious Protestant rural values ​​in urban America. The prohibition ends with the ratification of the Twenty-First Amendment, which repealed the Eighteenth Amendment on 5 December 1933. Several states continued the statewide ban, marking one of the last stages of the Progressive Era.
Maps Jazz Age
History
From 1920 to 1933, the US ban prohibited the sale of alcoholic beverages, which resulted in the illegal speakeasi that became the "Abad Jazz" venue, which hosted popular music including current dance songs, novelty songs and show tunes. Jazz began to gain reputation as immoral, and many members of the older generation saw it as a threat to old cultural values ​​and promoted the new decadent values ​​of the Roaring Twenties. Professor Henry van Dyke of Princeton University wrote: "... it's not music at all, it's just the irritation of the auditory nerve, the sensual temptation of the physical passion string." The media also began to humiliate jazz. The New York Times uses stories and titles to choose jazz: Siberian villagers are told by newspapers to use jazz to frighten the bears, when in fact they have used pots and pans; Another story claims that a fatal heart attack from a famous conductor is caused by jazz.
From 1919, Kid Ory Original Creole Jazz Band musicians from New Orleans played in San Francisco and Los Angeles, where in 1922 they became the first black jazz band from New Orleans to make recordings. That year also saw the first recording by Bessie Smith, the most famous 1920s blues singer. Chicago, meanwhile, is a major center of new "Hot Jazz" development, in which King Oliver joins Bill Johnson. Bix Beiderbecke formed The Wolverines in 1924.
That same year, Louis Armstrong joined Fletcher Henderson's dance band as a leading soloist, leaving in 1925. The original style of New Orleans is polyphonic, with variations of themes and collective improvisations simultaneously. Armstrong is the master of his hometown style, but by the time he joined the band Henderson, he had been a pioneer in the new phase of jazz, with emphasis on setting and soloists. Amos Armstrong goes far beyond the concept of theme-improvisation, and is exaggerated on chords, rather than melodies. According to Schuller, the comparison, solos by bandmates Armstrong (including the young Coleman Hawkins), sounds "stiff, stodgy," with "a jerky rhythm and an unusual tone quality." The following example shows a short excerpt of a straight melody "Mandy, Make Up Your Mind" by George W. Meyer and Arthur Johnston (above), compared to Armstrong's solo improvisations (below) (recorded 1924). (This example approached Armstrong's solo, as it did not show the use of his swing.)
Amos Armstrong is an important factor in making jazz into a real 20th century language. After leaving the Henderson group, Armstrong formed the band Hot Five of his virtues, which included instrumentalist Kid Ory (trombone), Johnny Dodds (clarinet), Johnny St. Cyr (banjo), and Lil's wife at the piano, where she popularized scat singing.
Jelly Roll Morton was recorded with New Orleans Rhythm Kings in an early mixed collaboration, then in 1926 formed his Red Hot Peppers. There is a bigger market for jazzy dance music played by a white orchestra, such as the orchestra Jean Goldkette and the orchestra Paul Whiteman. In 1924 Whiteman commissioned Gershwin Rhapsody in Blue , which was aired by Whiteman's Orchestra. In the mid-1920s, Whiteman was the most popular band leader in the US. His success is based on the "domestication rhetoric" which he says he has raised and provided valuable value to the music of the previous kind. Other major influential ensembles include Fletcher Henderson band, Duke Ellington band (which opened influential residences at Cotton Club in 1927) in New York, and Earl Hines' Band in Chicago (which opened at The Grand Terrace Cafe there in the year 1928). All significantly affect the development of jazz swing big band-style. In 1930, the New Orleans style ensemble was a relic, and jazz is the world's.
Some of the most famous black artists of the time were Ella Fitzgerald, Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, and Count Basie. Some musicians grew up in musical families, where family members often taught how to read and play music. Some musicians, such as Pops Foster, learn about homemade instruments. Urban radio stations play African-American jazz more often than suburban stations, due to the concentration of African Americans in urban areas such as New York and Chicago. The younger demographic popularized black-skinned dances such as Charleston as part of a huge cultural shift, the popularity of the resulting jazz music. African-American migration from South America introduces a culture born from a repressive and unjust society to North America where navigating through society with little ability to change plays an important role in the birth of jazz.
Radio
The rapid spread of national jazz was made possible by the introduction of large-scale radio broadcasts in 1932. Radio was described as a "sound factory". Radio allows millions of people to listen for free music - especially people who have never attended big expensive city clubs. This broadcast comes from clubs in leading centers such as New York, Chicago, Kansas City, and Los Angeles. There are two categories of music directly on the radio: music concerts and large band dance music. Music concerts are known as "potter palm" and are concert music by amateurs, usually volunteers.
The next type of music is known as the big band dance music. This type is played by professionals and is featured from nightclubs, dance halls, and ballrooms. Musician Charles Hamm described three types of jazz music at the time: black music for black audiences, black music for white audiences, and white music for white audiences. Jazz artists such as Louis Armstrong initially received very little airtime because most stations prefer to play white American jazz musicians. Other jazz vocalists include Bessie Smith and Florence Mills. In urban areas such as Chicago and New York, African-American jazz is played on the radio more often than in the suburbs. Big-band jazz, such as James Reese Europe and Fletcher Henderson in New York, attract large radio audiences.
Cultural impact
Youth
The youth of the 1920s used the influence of jazz to rebel against the traditional culture of previous generations. This 1920s youth uprising goes hand in hand with fashion like flappers, women who smoke, talk freely about sex, and new radio concerts. Dances like Charleston, developed by African Americans, suddenly became popular among the youth. The traditionalists are aghast at what they consider to be the solution of morality. Some middle-class African-Americans regard jazz as "devil's music," and believe the rhythm and sound of improvisation promote promiscuity.
Female role
Women play an important role throughout jazz history. With women's suffrage - the right of women to vote - at its height with the ratification of the Nineteent Amendment on August 18, 1920, and the inclusion of free-spirited flappers, women began to take a greater role in society and culture. With the women who now take part in the workforce after the end of the First World War, there are many possibilities for women in terms of social life and entertainment. Ideas such as equality and free sexuality are very popular over time and women seem to make the most of this period. The 1920s saw the rise of many famous female musicians including Bessie Smith. Bessie Smith also received attention because she is not only a great singer but also an African-American woman. He has grown for centuries to become one of the most respected singers of all time. Singers like Billie Holiday and Janis Joplin were inspired by Bessie Smith.
Lovie Austin (1887-1972) was a band leader, piano musician, composer, singer and arranger based in Chicago during the classic blues era of the 1920s. He and Lil Hardin Armstrong were often classed as the best female jazz pianos of the period.
The piano player Lil Hardin Armstrong was originally a member of the King Oliver band with Louis, and later played the piano in her husband's band Hot Five and then the next group called Hot Seven Not until the 1930s and 1940s many jazz singers, such as Bessie Smith and Billie Holiday is recognized as a successful artist in the music world. Another famous female vocalist, dubbed "The First Lady of Song," Ella Fitzgerald is one of the most popular female jazz singers in the United States for more than half a century. In his lifetime, he won 13 Grammy awards and sold over 40 million albums. His voice is flexible, broad, accurate, and youthful. She can sing ballad songs, sweet jazz, and imitate every instrument in an orchestra. He works with all the great jazz, from Duke Ellington, Count Basie and Nat King Cole, to Frank Sinatra, Dizzy Gillespie and Benny Goodman. These women are adamantly trying to make their name known in the music industry and lead the way for many upcoming female artists.
Classic music
As jazz develops, American elites who prefer classical music seek to broaden their preferred genre listeners, hoping jazz will not become mainstream. Controversially, jazz became an influence on diverse composers such as George Gershwin and Herbert Howells.
See also
- Flapper
- Roaring Twenties
- The Great Gatsby
Note
Further reading
External links
- The Jazz Age In America
- Roaring Twenties from U S History.com
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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