A triathlon is a multi-stage competition involving the completion of three continuous and sequential power disciplines. While many sports variations exist, the triathlon, in its most popular form, involves swimming, cycling, and running sequentially in various distances. Triathletes compete for the fastest overall course completion time, including a timed "transition" between individual swimming, cycle, and running components. The word "triathlon" comes from the Greek from ????? or treis ("three") and ????? or athlos ("competition").
The transition area is set where athletes change gears for different segments of the race. This is where the switch from swimming to cycling and cycling to walking takes place. This area is used to store bikes, performance clothing, and other accessories needed for the next stage of the race. The transition from swimming to bike is referred to as T1 and that between the bike and the run is referred to as T2. The overall time of the athlete for the race includes the time spent on T1 and T2. The transition areas vary in size depending on the number of participants expected. In addition, these areas provide social headquarters before the race.
The nature of the sport focuses on ongoing and often periodic training in each of the three disciplines, as well as combination exercises and general strength conditioning.
Video Triathlon
Histori
Triathlon is considered by some to have an early in the 1920s France. According to historian triathlon and writer Scott Tinley (and others), the origins of triathlons were associated with races during the 1920s-1930s called various "Les trois sports", "La Course des DÃÆ' Â © brouillards", and "La course des Touche ÃÆ' Tout. "The race is held annually in France near Joinville-le-Pont, in Meulan and Poissy.
The previous tri-sport event of 1902 featured running, cycling and canoeing. There is a documented sporting event with features running, swimming & amp; cycling (not necessarily in that order) in 1920, 1921, 1945, and 1960s. In the 1920s, the French newspaper LÃ,Â'Auto reported on a competition called "Les Trois Sports" with a 3Ã, km (1.9Ã, mi), 12Ã, km (7.5,5, mi ) bike, and swam across Marne channel. The three parts were done without rest. Another event was held in 1921 in Marseilles with the order of a bicycle-run-swimming event. The French newspaper reported about the race in Marseille in 1927, and in 1934 an article on "Les Trois Sports" (three sports) in the city of La Rochelle was written about the race by: (1) channel crossings (c 200 mÃ, [660à , F)), (2) bike competitions (10Ã, kmÃ, [6.2Ã, mi]) around the ports of La Rochelle and Laleu parc, and (3) run (1,200 mÃ, [3.900Ã, ft]) at the Andrà st stadium  © -Barbeau.
Maps Triathlon
Modern triathlon
The first modern bike/jogging/triathlon event called 'triathlon' was held in Mission Bay, San Diego, California on September 25, 1974. The race was composed and directed by Jack Johnstone and Don Shanahan, a member of the San Diego Track Club, and sponsored by track clubs. 46 participants entered this event. It was reportedly not inspired by the French event, although next year's race at Fiesta Island, San Diego, California, is sometimes called 'the first triathlon in America.'
Organization
The International Triathlon Union (ITU) was founded in 1989 as an international sporting body, with the primary objective, at the time, placing triathlons on the Olympic program. ITU sanctions and organizes World Cup and World Triathlon Series every year, with annual world champions crowned annually for pro-triathletes elite, junior pro-triathletes, and athletes of age group (in the age group of 5 years.) ITU races are conducted in the design of the format law for bicycle legs, while drafting is not allowed at the amateur level. In addition, the ITU has the Long Distance Triathlon series.
The World Triathlon Corporation (WTC) is a private company that sanctions and regulates the Ironman and Ironman 70.3 races annually. The race serves as a qualifying event for their own annual World Championships. The Ironman World Championships are held annually in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii in October while the Ironman 70.3 World Championships are held in September and change locations annually. The "Ironman" and "Iron" brands belong to the WTC. Therefore, long-distance multi-sport events organized by groups other than the WTC can not be officially called "Ironman" or "Iron" races. For its part, the ITU does not impose sanctions on WTC races; however, USAT uses a combination of ITU and WTC rules to approve WTC-branded events. The Challenge Family brand produces long-distance events around the world, and includes shows like Challenge Roth.
The International Ultra-Triathlon Association (IUTA) is an official Ultratriathlon body, which involves a triathlon over a longer distance than the iron-distance race.
Olympics
The sport debuted at the Olympic Games at the Sydney Games in 2000 over the Olympic Distance (swim: 1,500 mÃ, [1.650Ã, yd] Ã, - bicycle: 40Ã,km [24.9 Ã, mi] Ã, - run: 10Ã , KmÃ, [6.2 mi]).
Paralympic
Paratriathlon at Summer Paralympics debuted at the 2016 Summer Paralympics held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Paratriathlon is a variant of the triathlon for athletes with physical disabilities. The Paralympics event originally scheduled a fast-running race with athletes competing in six categories according to the nature of their physical impairment.
Race format
Triathlon longer than full range is classified as Ultra-triathlons.
Triathlon is not always limited to this specified distance. Distance can be a combination of the distance set by the race organizer to meet various distance limits or to attract certain types of athletes.
The standard Olympic distance of 1.5/40/10 km (0.93/24.8/6.2 miles) was created by longtime triathlon director Jim Curl in the mid-1980s, after he and his partner Carl Thomas produced the US Triathlon Series (USTS ) between 1982 and 1997.
In addition to the above distances, two new long-distance events have emerged, events 111 and 222. Distance 111 is 1 km (0.62 mi) of swimming, 100 km (62 mi) cycling and 10 km (6.2 miles) walking, total 111 km (69 mi). Distance 222 is doubled.
Most triathlons are individual events. Another format is the triathlon relay, in which competing teams take turns competing in the race; every competitor has to do a segment of swimming, cycling, and running. The ITU Triathlon World Championship team begins with two separate classifications for men and women. In 2009, the company adopted a 4x4 mixed relay format, in which each team had two men and two women. Youth Olympic Games also has a mixed 4x relay triathlon event.
It receives a 5% error margin in the cycle and runs long distances. Although there are some variations in race distance, especially between short triathlons, most triathlons meet one of the above standards.
Race organization
In general, participation in the triathlon requires an athlete to register and register before the actual race. After registration, drivers are often given race numbers, colored swimming caps, and, if the event is timed electronically, tim timing. Athletes will be given or given details about any course, rules and issues to look out for (road conditions, closures, traffic lights, aid stations). At major events, such as Ironman or long championships, triathlets may be needed to organize and check-in their bikes in the transition area a day or two before the race begins, leaving it overnight and under guard.
On the day of the race, before the start of the competition, athletes will generally be given a bicycle rack to hold a bicycle and a small piece of soil for shoes, clothing, etc. In the transition area. In some triathlons, there are two transition areas, one for swimming/pool change, then one for bicycle/run changes in different locations.
Drivers are generally categorized into separate professional and amateur categories. Amateurs, who make up most of the triathlet, are often referred to as "age groups" because they are usually further classified by sex and age; which offers an opportunity to compete with others of the gender and age groups themselves. Age groups are defined in intervals of five or ten years. There is usually a lower age limit; which can vary from race to race. In some triathlons, heavier amateur athletes may have the option of competing with others closer to their own weight because weight is often regarded as a speed inhibitor. For example, under the USA Triathlon rule, the "Clydesdale" athlete is male over  £ 220 (100 kg), while the Athlete "Athena" is women over  £ 165 (75 kg). Race and other organizations can choose whether to offer Clydesdale and Athens divisions and set their own weight standards.
Depending on the type and size of the race, there may be one of the following methods applied to start the race. In a massive start, all athletes enter the water and start the competition following a single early signal. In the early wave show, smaller athlete groups start the race every few minutes. The wave of an athlete is usually determined by the age group or by the estimated time of swimming. Waves begin more commonly in shorter races where a large number of amateur athletes compete. Another option is the individual time trial begins, where the athlete enters the water one by one, a few seconds apart.
Swim feet usually take place around a series of marked buoys before the athlete gets out of the water near the transition area. Racers get out of the water, enter the transition area, and switch from their bathing suits and to their cycling gear. Competition and pressure for faster times have led to the development of specialized triathlon clothing that is adequate for swimming and cycling, allowing many riders to have a transition consisting only of removing their wetsuits, hats, and goggles and pulling helmets and cycling shoes. In some cases, racers leave their cycling shoes attached to their bike pedals and slip their feet into them as they ride. Some triathlete athletes do not wear socks, reducing the time spent on transitions even more.
The cycling stage takes place around a marked path, usually on public roads. In many cases, especially small triathlons, unclosed paths for cars; however, traffic coordinators are often present to help control traffic. Typically, the cycling stage ends back in the same transition area. Racers enter the transition area, rotate their bikes, and quickly change running shoes before heading to the final stage. The running stage usually ends at a separate finish line near the transition area.
In most races, the "aid station" located on the bike and running the course provides water and energy drinks to the athletes as they pass by. Relief stations on older shows can often provide different types of food as well, including items such as energy bars, energy gels, fruits, cakes, soups, and ice.
After the triathletes finish the event, there is usually another aid station for them to get water, fruit, and other post-race drinks. Sometimes, at the end of a larger or longer event, the facilities provided and post-race celebrations may be more complicated.
Triathlon rule
Although the specific rules for the triathlon may vary depending on the governing body (eg USA Triathlon, ITU), as well as for individual races, there are some basic universal rules. Traditionally, triathlons are an individual sport and every athlete competes with courses and hours for the best time. Thus, athletes are not allowed to accept assistance from others outside the race, with the exception of racially-assisted relief volunteers who distribute food and water in the field.
Triathlons are timed in five consecutive sections:
- from the beginning of the swim until the beginning of the first transition (swimming time);
- from the beginning of the first transition to the end of the first transition (time T1);
- from the start of cycling to the end of the cycle cycle (cycling time);
- from the beginning of the second transition to the end of the second transition (time T2);
- finally from the beginning of the run to the end of the race, where the time of triathlon is over.
Results are usually posted on the official website and will be displayed for each triathlete/swim time; cycle time (with transitions included); run time; and total time. Some races also post transition times separately.
Other rules of the triathlon vary from race to race and generally involve descriptions of permissible equipment (eg, diving suits permitted in USAT events in the swim stages of several races when the water temperature is below 78.1 ° F [25.6 ° C]), and a ban on interference among athletes. In addition, the use of flippers or swivels and other flotation aids is illegal in triathlons and may result in disqualification.
One of the rules involving the cycle foot is that the competitor's helmet must be mounted before the competitor climbs (or even controls, in certain jurisdictions) the bike and must remain alive until the competitor has descended; Competitors are not required to wear a helmet when not using a bicycle (eg when fixing a mechanical problem). Failure to comply with this rule will result in disqualification. In addition, while in bike lanes, all the bikes will only be driven by human strength and human strength. In addition to encouraging the bike, any incentive whatsoever caused by the use of the hand is prohibited. If the motorcycle is malfunctioning they can continue with the race as long as they do it with their bikes behind it. There are also strict rules about the 'mountain bike' path. Competitors should not start riding their bikes out of the transition until they cross a clearly marked line. Installing a bike before this can be penalized (for example: a 15-second penalty at the 2012 London Olympics awarded to Jonathan Brownlee, a competitor from England, for putting up his bike too early.)
Other time penalties may occur during the race to, inter alia, design bikes in non-drafting competitions, improper passing, littering, and unsportsmanlike behavior.
Triathlon and fitness
Triathlon participants often use sports to improve or maintain their physical fitness. With each sport being an endurance event, training for triathlons provides the benefits of cardiovascular exercise. In addition, triathletes experienced fewer injuries than those who only used to run as part of their exercise routines due to the incorporation of low swimming and cycling impact exercises.
Triathletes spend a lot of time training for the competition, like other endurance event attendees. There are three components that have been studied to improve endurance sport performance; aerobic capacity, lactate threshold, and economy. Injuries arising from long working hours are not common in triathlons because they are in a single sporting event. The cross-training effect that an athlete achieves from training for one sport by performing a second activity applies to triathlon training. Additional activities that do triathletes for cross-training benefits are yoga, pilates, and weight training.
Swimming
Triathletes will often use their legs less strongly and more carefully than other swimmers, preserving their leg muscles to cycle and run following. Many triathlons use pool strokes that are altered to compensate for turbulent, sparkling water and to conserve energy for long swims. In addition, the majority of triathlons involve an outdoor (outdoor) swim stage, rather than a pool with a path marker. As a result, triathlets in the swimming stages must scramble for position, and can benefit by drafting, following competitors carefully to swim in their slipstream. Triathletes will often use "dolphin kicking" and dive to make progress against waves, and surfing the body to use wave energy for a little speed at the end of the swimming stage. In addition, swimming in open water requires "observation": lifting the head to look for landmarks or floats that mark the path. The modified stroke allows the triathlete to lift its head above the water to see without disturbing swimming or wasting energy.
Because the area of ​​open water swimming is often cold and because wearing wetsuits provides a competitive advantage, special triathlon wetsuits have been developed in various styles to adjust the water conditions. For example, sleeveless and sleeveless underwear designed for warm water, while providing buoyancy. Dives are legal in sanctioning events where the surface water temperature is 78 Ã, Â ° F (26 Ã, Â ° C) or less. In non-sanctioned events or in the "age group" class where most drivers only participate to enjoy sports rather than compete for official triathlon placement, wetsuits can often be used at other temperatures. The director of the race will occasionally prevent or ban submarines if the water temperature is above 84Ã, Â ° F (29Ã, Â ° C) due to overheating which can occur while wearing wetsuits. Other rules have been applied by the race organizers regarding the thickness of the wetsuit and the use of "swimming leather;" to be considered by those participating in the upcoming triathlon. Some bodies of triathlon sanctions have placed a limit on the thickness of the wetsuit material. Under ITU and some national agency regulations there is no wetsuit that has a thickness of more than 5 mm (0.20 inches).
Bicycling
Cycling Triathlon can be different from most professional cycling depending on whether drafting is allowed during the competition. In some competitions, as regulated by USA Triathlon and World Triathlon Corporation, drafting is not allowed, and thus the cycling section is more like an individual time trial. In other competitions, such as in World Cup races and Championships, the preparation and formation of pelotons is legal. This places an emphasis on running performance as some athletes will enter the bike to run the transition at the same time due to drafting.
Triathlon bikes are generally optimized for aerodynamics, have a special handlebars called aero-bar or tri-bar, aerodynamic wheels, and other components. Triathlon bikes use special geometry, including steep-angle tube angles to both improve aerodynamics and to the spare muscle groups needed to run (see also triathlon equipment). At the end of the bike segment, the triathlet also often rotates with a higher rhythm (revolutions per minute), which work in part to keep the muscles loose and flexible to run.
Running
The main distinguishing feature of running in triathlons is that it happens after the athlete has been exercising in two other disciplines for an extended period of time, so many muscles are tired. The effect of switching from cycling to running can be very profound; the first time the triathlet is often astonished at their muscle weakness, which may be caused by the accumulation of lactate and the strange, sometimes painful sensation in their thighs a few hundred meters into the run, and finds that they run at a much slower pace than they are accustomed to in training. Train triathletes for this phenomenon through a transitional exercise known as "bricks": a back-to-back exercise involving two disciplines, most often cycling and running.
Transitions
Substitution from sport to sport occurs in a defined transition area. The transition provides a staging area where bicycles, running shoes, hydration, and other equipment are ready for use during the event trip. The first transition, known as T1 , is between the swim-to-bike racing segment. The second transition, T2 , is between bicycle-to-run segments. Most events have one common transition area for T1 and T2, while some points to the point of events have two separate transition areas. The time spent in the transition is a timed segment and contribute to the overall turnaround time of the event.
Important event
Paratriathlon is a variant of triathlon for athletes with physical disabilities. The sport has been accepted by the International Paralympic Committee and debuted at the 2016 Summer Paralympics held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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