The quote " All humans are created equivalent " has been called "eternal declaration," and "perhaps the single expression" of the period of the American Revolution with the greatest "sustained interest". "Thomas Jefferson first used the phrase in the US Declaration of Independence, which he wrote in 1776 during the early American Revolution, was then quoted and put into speech by various important figures in American political and social life in the United States.The final form of this phrase is made by Benjamin Franklin.
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Asal usul penggunaan frasa Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson, through his friendship with Lafayette, was strongly influenced by the French philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment, such as Voltaire, Rousseau and Montesquieu. In their often censored writings, the philosophers suggest that men are born free and equal. This then led to the French Revolution of 1789 and the concept of Human Rights (Droits de l'Homme in French). At the age of 33, Jefferson may also borrow the expression of an Italian friend and neighbor, Philip Mazzei, as recorded by Joint Resolution 175 of the 103rd Congress as well as by John F. Kennedy at the A Nation of Immigrants.
In 1776, the Second Continental Congress requested Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Robert Livingston, and Roger Sherman to write the Declaration of Independence. The Committee of Five chose to ask Thomas Jefferson to write the document. After Jefferson finished, he gave the document to Franklin for proven. Franklin suggests small changes, and one of them stands out far more than the others. Jefferson writes, "We consider this truth sacred and undeniable..." Franklin changed it, "We regard this truth as self-evident."
The second paragraph of the Declaration of Independence of the United States begins as follows:
We hold this truth to be real, that all men are created equal, that they are blessed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights, among which are Life, Freedom and the Pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, the Government is instituted among Humans, taking their power only from the governed consent;
The Virginia Declaration of Rights, notably written by George Mason and approved by the Virginia Convention of 12 June 1776, contains the words:
all human beings are basically free and independent, and have certain rights attached to them... they can not eliminate or release their offspring; namely, the enjoyment of life and freedom, by means of acquiring and owning property, and pursuing and obtaining happiness and security.
George Mason is the elder-grower who originally declared the theory of natural rights of John Locke:
All human beings are born equally free and independent and have inherent natural rights which they can not, in any compact, deter or release their offspring; among them is the enjoyment of life and freedom, by means of acquiring and owning property, and pursuing and obtaining happiness and security.
The Mason draft was accepted by a small committee and subsequently rejected by the Virginia Convention. Thomas Jefferson, a competent Virginia lawyer, sees this as a matter of legal writing and chooses the words more accepted by the Second Continental Congress.
The Massachusetts Constitution, especially written by John Adams in 1780, contains in its Declaration of Rights its words:
Article I. All men are born free and equal, and have certain natural, intrinsic, and irrevocable rights; among which the right to enjoy and to defend their life and freedom is respected; that acquire, own, and protect property; well, that seek and obtain their salvation and happiness.
The plaintiffs in cases of Brom and Bett v. John Ashley and Commonwealth v. Nathaniel Jennison is of the opinion that this provision abolishes slavery in Massachusetts. The latter case produces a "sweeping statement... That the institution of slavery is incompatible with the principles of freedom and equality of law articulated in the new Massachusetts Constitution".
The expression has since been regarded as a feature statement in the democratic constitution and similar human rights instruments, many of which have adopted a phrase or variant thereof.
Maps All men are created equal
Slavery and phrase
The contradiction between the claim that "all human beings are created equal" and the existence of American slavery drew comments when the Declaration of Independence was first published. Before final approval, Congress, after making some changes to a few words, also wiped out nearly a quarter of the draft, including a section that criticized the slave trade. At that time many members of Congress, including Jefferson, had slaves, who clearly considered their decision to abolish the controversial "anti-slavery" section. In 1776, the abolitionist Thomas Day wrote:
If there is an absolutely ridiculous object in nature, it is an American patriot, signing a resolution of independence with one hand, and with another brandishing a whip over his betrayed slaves.
Criticism
The phrase "all men are created equal" has received criticism from traditional elites and conservatives: Richard Weaver writes in one of the important works of traditional conservatism,
The belief of people in large or small groups lies not in this notion of chemical equality but of brotherhood, a concept that has long silenced him in history because it moves much deeper into human sentiments. The feelings of an ancient brotherhood carry the obligation that equality knows nothing. It demands respect and protection, because brotherhood is a status within the family, and the family is naturally hierarchical.
Legacy
The Vietnamese proclamation of independence, written in 1945, uses the phrase "all human beings are created equal" and mentions the Declaration of American Independence in it as well.
The Rhodesian Declaration of Independence, ratified in November 1965, is based on America, however, eliminating the phrase "all men are created equal", together with "the consent of the governed."
See also
- French Declaration on the Rights of Man and Citizen (1789), chapter 1: "Men are born and remain free and equal in rights Social distinctions can be established only on the common good."
- The problem should be
- John Ball (1381), "When Adam dug and span Eve, who was then a man?"
- Second-class citizen
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), article 1: "All men are born free and equal in dignity and rights..."
- Equality before the law
References
External links
- Letters Addressed to Commonalty of Scotland by John Knox, 1558 - the beginning of the historical emergence of the phrase "all men are the same"
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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