Black magic traditionally refers to the use of supernatural or magical powers for evil and selfish purposes. In connection with the left path and the right-hand dichotomy, black magic is an evil opponent, left of good-hearted white magic. In modern times, some people find that the definition of "black magic" has been convoluted by people who define magic or ritual practices that they disagree as "black magic".
History
Allama Ibrahim Khalil rejected the term Black Magic. Like unmatchable white magic, the origin of black magic can be traced to primitive and ritualistic spirit worship as described in Robert M. Place's 2009 book, Magic and Alchemy . Unlike white magic, where Place sees parallels with primitive shamanic attempts to attain closeness to spiritual beings, the ritual that evolved into modern "black magic" was designed to invoke the same spirits to produce beneficial results for practitioners. The venue also provides a broad modern definition of black and white magic, preferring to refer them as "high magic" (white) and "low magic" (black) primarily based on the intentions of the practitioners who employ them. He acknowledges, though, that this broader definition (of "high" and "low") suffers prejudice because well-reasoned people's magic can be considered "low" while ceremonial magic involving expensive or exclusive components can be regarded by some as " high". magic ", regardless of intent.
During the Renaissance, many magical practices and rituals are considered evil or unreligious and with extension, "black magic" in the broadest sense. Magic and non-mainstream esoteric studies are prohibited and targeted by the Inquisition. As a result, natural magic evolved as a way for thinkers and intellectuals, such as Marsilio Ficino, the abbot of Johannes Trithemius and Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, to advance esoteric and ritualistic (though often secretly) studies without significant persecution.
While "natural magic" became popular among the upper and educated classes of the 16th and 17th centuries, magic rituals and folk magic remained subjected to persecution. The 20th-century writer Montague Summers in general rejects the definition of "white" and "black" magic as "contradictory", although he highlights the extent to which magic in general, regardless of intent, is considered "black" and quotes William Perkins posthumously in 1608 instructions that:
All magicians "convicted by Judges" must be executed. He does not allow exceptions and under this condemnation "all Diviners, Charmers, Jugglers, all Wizards, commonly called sages or wise women". All who claim to be "Good witches that do not harm but good, which do not destroy and destroy, but save and deliver" must be under extreme punishment.
In particular, though, the term is most often reserved for those accused of worshiping demons and other evil spirits, those who cursed or cursed their neighbors, those who used magic to destroy crops, and those who were able to leave their earthly bodies and travel a long distance in the spirit (where Malleus Maleficarum devotes a long and important chapter), usually to engage in devil worship. Summers also highlights the etymological development of the term nigromancer, in general usage from 1200 to about 1500, (Latin: Niger , black, Greek: Manteia , prophecy), widely "people who are experts in black art".
In the modern context, the line between "white magic" and "black magic" is a clearer and most modern definition focusing on the intentions rather than practice. There is also the extent to which many modern Wicca and magic practitioners are trying to keep away from those who intend to practice black magic. Those who seek to commit crimes or crimes are less likely to be accepted into the main circle of Wiccan or covens in an era where good magic is increasingly associated with modern gnosticism and self-help spiritualism.
Video Black magic
Satanism and demons
The influence of popular culture has enabled other practices to be pulled under the banner of "black magic", including the concept of Satanism. While the prayer of the devil or spirit is the accepted part of black magic, this practice is different from the worship or worship of the spiritual being. Both are usually combined in the medieval beliefs about magic.
The lines, though, continue to be obscured by the inclusion of the spirit rituals of the opposite "white witch" in the compilation of work pertaining to Satanism. The 16th-century ritual of John Dee, for example, is included in Anton LaVey's The Satanic Bible (1969) and some of its practices, regarded as white magic, have been associated with black magic. Dee's own ritual is designed to contact spirits in general and the angels in particular, which he says can be done with the help of colleague Edward Kelley. LaVey's Bible , however, is a "complete contradiction" of Dee's intentions but offers the same rituals as a means of contact with evil spirits and demons. LaVey's Church of Satan (with LaVey's Bible at its center), "officially denies the occult ritual efficacy" but "confirms the subjective value, the psychological value of ritual practice", drawing a clear distinction between. LaVey itself is more specific:
White magic should be used only for good or unselfish purposes, and black magic, we are told, is used only for selfish or "evil" reasons. Satanism does not draw such a dividing line. Magic is magic, whether it is used to help or inhibit. Satan, being a magician, must have the ability to decide what is fair, and then apply magical powers to achieve his goals.
Satanism is not a religion of white light; it is the religion of the flesh, the flesh, the flesh - all of which are governed by Satan, the personification of the Left Hand.
The latter quote, it seems, has been directed toward the growing trend of Wiccanism and neo-paganism at the time.
Maps Black magic
Shamanism
In some areas, there are evil sorcerers disguised as real shamans and who lure tourists to drink ayahuasca in their presence. Dukun believes one of the goals for this is to steal a person's energy and/or strength, which they believe everyone has a limited supply.
Voodoo
Voodoo, too, has been associated with modern "black magic"; drawn together in popular culture and fiction. However, while regret or curse can be accepted as a black magic practice, Voodoo has a different history and tradition that has nothing to do with the modern wizarding tradition that evolved with European practitioners such as Gerald Gardner and Aleister Crowley.
In fact, the Voodoo tradition makes a distinct distinction between black and white magic, with sorcerers like Bokor known for using both magic and ritual. But their tendency to magic is linked to curses, toxins and zombies meaning them, and Voodoo in general, regularly dealing with black magic in particular.
Blacks and religions
Relationships and interactions between black magic and religion are numerous and varied. Beyond the black magic link to organize Satanism or its historical oppression by Christianity and inquisition, there is a connection between religious ritual and black magic. The Black Mass, for example, is a sakrilegi parody of the Catholic Mass. Likewise, pouring, in spite of primarily white magic practices, is a Wiccan ritual analogous to baptism or baptism for infants.
The 17th century priest, ÃÆ' â € ° tienne Guibourg, is said to have performed a series of Black Mass rituals with wizard Catherine Monvoisin allegedly for Madame de Montespan.
In Islam, al-Fatihah, al-Falaq, al-Nas, al-Ikhlas and other Epistles are read to protect against sorcery.
Practices and rituals
During his scholarship, A. E. Waite gave a full account of the practices of black magic, rituals and traditions in the Black Magic Book and Ceremonial Magic. . Other practitioners have expanded these ideas and offered a comprehensive list of their rituals and concepts. Black magic practices and rituals include:
- The real name spell - a theory that knows a person's real name allows control over the person, makes it wrong for the same reason. It can also be used as a connection to someone else, or free them from someone else's coercion, so it's in a gray area.
- The ritual of eternity - from the Taoist point of view, life is limited, and wants to live beyond one's natural span rather than with the flow of nature. Beyond this, there is a big problem with immortality. Because of the need to test the result, the subject must be killed. Even spells to prolong life may not be entirely good, especially if it attracts life energy from others to maintain spells.
- Necromancy - for purposes of use, it is defined not as general black magic, but as any magic related to death itself, either through the prophecy of the entrails, or the act of raising a corpse, as opposed to resurrection or CPR.
- Curses and blows - curses can be as simple as expecting something bad to happen to a person, or as complicated as a ritual to make sure someone dies.
In popular culture and fiction
Concepts related to black magic or portrayed, even inaccurately, as "black magic" are regular features of books, movies and other popular cultures. Examples include:
- Black Magic (track Slayer) - track Slayer's album "Show No Mercy" 1983
- Black Magic - The lead single by the British girl group Little Mix was released in May 2015, for their third studio album "Get Weird".
- The Devil Rides Out - 1934 novel by Dennis Wheatley - made into a famous movie by Hammer Studios in 1968.
- Rosemary's Baby - a 1968 horror novel in which black magic is a central theme.
- The Craft - a 1996 movie featuring four friends involved in white magic but turning to black magic rituals for personal gain.
- The Harry Potter series - black magic, including various spells and curses, is referred to as the "dark art" that students use to defend themselves.
- Final Fantasy - a video game in which white and black magic is used to distinguish between healing/defense spells (such as "medicine") and offensive/elemental spells (like "fire") and does not carry the connotation the good or evil inherent.
- Charmed - a television series in which black magic is also known as "black art", "dark art", "dark magic" or even "evil magic", and is used by demons and other evil beings.
- The Secret Circle - A short television series featuring magicians, where there are two types of magic. While traditional magic helps you to connect to the energies around you, dark magic is more deadly and dangerous rooted in anger, fear, and negativity inside you. Few are born with it can access dark magic and some others are inherently stronger than others.
- The Power of Five is the whole series by Anthony Horowitz about black magic and the evil sorcerer. The antagonists are all black magicians and all practitioners of black magic; black magic is a means to call the Parents from their prison, Hell. Black magic often takes the form of mass murder and inanimate animation.
- Night Watch - In the series Night Watch (and movies) the magicians are grouped into two sides "Light Others" and "Dark Others". Dark magicians are more motivated by selfish desires.
- Supernatural (US TV series) - The Supernatural TV series features many events and characters that feature and participate in black magic.
- Sherlock Holmes (2009 film) - The first of two Sherlock Holmes films directed by Guy Ritchie includes elements of black magic although they were later found wrong.
- Versailles (band) released a short film in 2009 that depicts a zombie raised by Jasmine You through black magic.
- Pizza II: Villa - Indian supernatural thriller Tamil, written and directed by debutant Deepan Chakravarthy.
- The Necromancers: The Best of the Black Magic And Witchcraft - A collection of folklore and stories about black magic edited by Peter Haining.
- Odiyan - India's upcoming Malayalam 2018 film starring Mohanlal. It is based on the legend of Odiyan, which in Kerala folklore is a man of deformed ability, who can assume animal forms and is used to kill or scare people in darkness during the pre-electric period.
See also
- Black Magic in the hacker Jargon File.
- Demonology
- Magic gray
- Left and right path
- Magical text
- Maleficium (magic)
- Necromancy
- SeiÃÆ'r
- Yes singing
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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