Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activities that can affect one's thoughts, behavior, tendencies, feelings, and sense of well-being. A depressed mood is a normal temporary reaction to life events such as the loss of a loved one. It is also a symptom of some physical ailments and side effects of some medications and medical care. Mood depression is also a symptom of some mood disorders such as major depressive disorder or dysthymia.
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Difficulties in childhood, such as loss, neglect, mental abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and unequal parental treatment of siblings can contribute to adolescent depression. Physical or sexual abuse of children in particular is significantly correlated with the possibility of depression during the course of life.
Life events and changes that can trigger depression include (but are not limited to): birth, menopause, financial difficulties, unemployment, stress (such as from work, education, family, living conditions etc.), medical diagnosis (cancer, HIV, etc..), Intimidation, loss of loved ones, natural disasters, social isolation, rape, relationship problems, jealousy, separation, and catastrophic injury. Adolescents may be particularly susceptible to depression moods after social rejection, peer pressure and bullying.
Personality
High scores on the personality domain of neuroticism make the development of depressive symptoms as well as any type of diagnosis of depression more likely, and depression is associated with low extraversion. Other personality indicators can include: temporary mood swings, quick, desperate short-term, loss of interest in activities that were once part of a person's life, sleep disturbances, withdrawal from previous social life, appetite changes, and difficulty concentrating,
Gender identity and sexuality
Studies have shown that those who are marginalized because of their gender identity or sexual orientation (such as those who identify as LGBT) are more susceptible to depression.
Medical care
Depression can also be iatrogenic (the result of health care), such as drug-induced depression. Depression-related therapy includes interferon, beta-blocker, isotretinoin, contraceptive, cardiac, anticonvulsant, antimigrain, antipsychotic, and hormonal agents such as hormonal agonists release gonadotropins.
Substance-induced
Some drug abuse can cause or worsen depression, both in poisoning, withdrawal, and from chronic use. These include alcohol, sedatives (including benzodiazepine prescriptions), opioids (including prescription pain killers and illegal drugs such as heroin), stimulants (such as cocaine and amphetamines), hallucinogens, and inhalants.
Non-psychiatric diseases
Mood depression can be the result of a number of infectious diseases, nutritional deficiencies, neurological conditions and physiological problems, including hypoandrogenism (men), Addison's disease, Cushing's syndrome, hypothyroidism, Lyme disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, chronic pain, stroke. , diabetes, and cancer.
Psychiatric syndrome
A number of psychiatric syndromes have feelings of depression as the main symptoms. Mood disorders are a group of disorders that are considered a major mood disorder. These include major depressive disorder (MDD, commonly called severe depression or clinical depression) in which a person experiences at least two weeks of depression or loss of interest or pleasure in virtually any activity; and dysthymia, a state of chronic depression mood, a symptom that does not meet the severity of major depressive episodes. Other mood disorders, bipolar disorder, have one or more episodes of mood elevation, cognition, and abnormal energy levels, but may also involve one or more episodes of depression. When travel episodes of depression follow a seasonal pattern, disorders (major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, etc.) Can be described as seasonal affective disorder. Beyond mood disorders: personality threshold disorder often presents a very intense depressive atmosphere; an adjustment disorder with a depressed mood is a mood disorder that appears as a psychological response to an identifiable event or stressor, in which the resulting emotional or behavioral symptoms are significant but do not meet the criteria for major depressive episodes; and post-traumatic stress disorder, mental disorders that sometimes occur after trauma, usually accompanied by a depressed mood.
Historical heritage
Researchers have begun to conceptualize ways in which the historical legacy of racism and colonialism can create depressive conditions.
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Management
A depressed mood may not require professional care, and may be a normal temporary reaction to life events, symptoms of some medical conditions, or side effects of some medications or medical treatment. Prolonged depressive mood, especially in combination with other symptoms, may lead to a diagnosis of psychiatric or medical conditions that may benefit from treatment. UK 2009 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines show that antidepressants should not be routinely used for the initial treatment of mild depression, because of the risk-benefit ratio.
See also
References
External links
- Media related to Depression on Wikimedia Commons
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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