Fetal movement refers to the movement of the fetus caused by its own muscle activity. Locomotive activity begins during the final embryological stage, and changes in nature throughout development. The muscles begin to move as soon as they are innervated. These first movements are not reflexive, but arise from nerve impulses derived from the spinal cord. When the nervous system matures, the muscles can move in response to stimuli.
In general, fetal motility can be classified either as spontaneous or spontaneous, and spontaneous movement may be triggered by the spine or brain. Whether a supraspinuler determined motion can be inferred by comparison to anencephalic fetal movement.
Although the heart begins beating on the 23rd day after conception, this article deals primarily with voluntary movements and reflexes. Age is given as the age of conception rather than gestational age.
Some sources argue that there is no voluntary movement until after birth. Other sources say that the purposive movement began a few months earlier. 3D ultrasound has been used to create a motion picture of fetal movement, called "4D ultrasound".
Video Fetal movement
Movement during development
First trimester
Embryonic stage
Even before the fetal stage begins, a six-week-old human embryo can arch its back and neck. At seven weeks, movement in the arms and legs can be detected with ultrasound.
Fetal stage
The part of the fetal brain that controls movement will not be fully formed until the end of the second trimester, and the first part of the third trimester. Control movements are limited at birth, and voluntary movements aimed at developing over a long period until puberty. According to an overview produced by the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, the purposive movement begins about 18 weeks, gradually replacing the reflex movement, and a voluntary movement that aims later to develop further after birth.
In this initial movement, limbs move together; they begin to move independently in the ninth week when controlling neurons in the spinal cord develop. At week 11, the fetus can open its mouth and suck its fingers; at week 12, he started swallowing amniotic fluid.
In addition to bending to the side of the head, complex and common movements occur early in the stage of the fetus, with movement and shock involving the whole body. Hand, hip and knee movements have been observed in nine weeks, stretching and yawning at ten weeks, and isolated limb movements begin shortly thereafter.
Second trimester
At about the twelfth week, the fetus is able to kick and roll its toes, and can grab hold of his legs or scratch the nails. It can also move in response to touch on the skin. Also starting around week 12, the thoracic diaphragm moves up and down as if the fetus was breathing, but this movement disappeared around the 16th week and did not continue until the third trimester.
Movements such as kicking continue, and mom usually feel the movement for the first time, an event called acceleration, during the fifth month. Around this time, the leg movement becomes more complex, by stretching the joints and ribs. This activity helps the right joint development. Women who have given birth have more relaxed uterine muscles that are more sensitive to fetal movements, and for them the movement of the fetus can sometimes be felt as early as 14 weeks.
Around week 21, the fetus begins to develop a regular schedule of movements. Startle reflexes are present in half of all fetuses at week 24 and in all fetuses at week 28. Movements are limited around this time because the fetus has grown so large that it has little room to kick or change body position.
Third trimester
In subsequent pregnancies, a complex movement called "stride" develops. This movement consists of a circular "cycling" motion, which helps the fetus move into the head down position in preparation for birth.
Maps Fetal movement
Variations in activity level
Fetuses 14 to 18 weeks show a clear circadian rhythm at their activity level, which can be detected both by fetal electrocardiogram and by measuring locomotor activity. The active and quiet period for the fetus is not matched by the mother; the most active fetus from 9 am to 2 pm. and again from 7 pm to 4 am. During the last four to six weeks before birth, most kicking and poking fetal movements occur during light sleep.
Monitor fetal movement
After accelerating, a pregnant woman may choose to calculate the number and type of movement her fetus feels. This calculation is informally known as the number of kicks . The American Pregnancy Association states that the advantages of doing kick counts range from giving pregnant women the opportunity to bond with their baby to reduce the risk of stillbirth; the number of kicks is highly recommended in high-risk pregnancies. However, instructing women to monitor fetal movements is potentially associated with an increase in maternal anxiety.
To make a kick count, a woman finds a comfortable position, such as sitting upright with her back supported or lying on her left side (which maximizes blood flow to the fetus), and how long it takes to feel at least ten movements such as kicks, flutters, or rolls. Ideally, ten movements must be felt within two hours, though often they are accomplished in a much shorter time. Counts of less than ten movements require direct contact with the midwife or delivery unit. 70% of pregnancies with one episode of fetal movement decreases uncomplicated.
There is no good evidence to show the best method of fetal movement calculation. It is recommended that the calculation of formal movements such as counting up to 10 or counting movements at a certain time each day is more effective than undefined methods of detecting when the baby is in trouble. Further research is needed to determine whether the counting movement does indeed reduce the rate of stillbirth especially in countries where resources are not available.
In the UK, the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists says that if you think your baby has stopped moving or is immobilized and you are more than 28 weeks pregnant, you should contact your midwife. Do not wait until the next day to contact the hospital or midwife.
Note
References
- "Counted Kick". American Pregnancy Association. July 2007 . Retrieved 2007-08-01 .
- Kintraia PI, Zarnadze MG, Kintraia NP, Kashakashvili IG (March 2005). "Development of daily rhythm in heartbeat and locomotor activity in human fetus". J Circadian Rhythms . 3 (1): 5. doi: 10.1186/1740-3391-3-5. PMC 1079927 . PMIDÃ, 15801976.
- Vaughan, Christopher (1996). How Life Begins: Life Science in the Womb . New York: Times Books (Random House). ISBNÃ, 0-8129-2103-8. Ã,
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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