Guitar tuning gives pitch to the open guitar strings, including acoustic guitars, electric guitars and classical guitars, among others. Tuning can be explained by a certain tone symbolized by a note in Western music. Under convention, notes are sorted from the lowest pitched strings (ie, deepest bass notes) to the highest pitched strings (thickest to the thinnest).
The phrase "guitar tuning" also refers to pitch-string adjustment to the desired tuning to the reference pitch - often a note from a piano or Hammond organ and/or tuning a guitar string so that the strings match with each other. Tuning is described in the manual for guitarists.
The default tuning defines pitch strings as E, A, D, G, B, and E, from lowest (low E <2> ) to highest (E high 4 ). The standard tuning is used by most guitarists, and often used barrel can be understood as variations on standard tuning. Tuning "Nonstandard" is also called "alternative" or "alternative". Some of the barrel is used for certain songs by professional musicians, and can be called after the song title. There are hundreds of such barrels, which are often the small variants of the established barrel. The guitarist community who shares musical traditions often uses the same or similar barrel.
Hundreds of alternative tunings have been classified into a number of smaller categories: "open", both major and minor ("crossnote"), and "capital"; "dropping" (where one or more pitch strings are lowered); "instrumental" (based on other stringed instruments); and "ordinary". Capital, dropping, and many other barrel are mentioned in the additional list of guitar barrel.
Joni Mitchell developed a brief descriptive method for recording the guitar tuning in which the first letter documented the lowest string record and followed by the relative (half step) offset required to get the next pitch of the string. This scheme highlights the relationship and simplifies the process of comparing the tuning scheme different.
Video Guitar tunings
Standard and alternative
Standard
The standard tuning is the most frequently used tuning on a six-string guitar and the musician considers this setting the default if certain alternatives or skordatures are not specified. It consists of the following notes:
- E 2 -A 2 -D 3 -G 3 -B 3 -E 4 .
The letter gives the pitch name of each note, and the number indicates where the pitch octave is. This system is called scientific notation notation (aka American Standard Pitch Notation), and links any combination of letters/numbers to a specific frequency:
In some European regions where classical musicians use the German system, the natural B is denoted by the letter H: in this system, H is B ? (natural B), and B is B ? (flat B). The guitar is a transposing instrument - music for an octave notation higher than the actual tone of voice, to reduce the need for a book line in music written for the instrument, and to simplify reading.
The fifth string (A 2 ) is set to 110 Hz, exactly two octaves below the standard 440 Hz orchestral reference pitch (A440). The tuning forks and electronic tuners matching these frequencies are usually available, so the fifth string that is set correctly can provide a reference for setting the remaining strings to the ear. The tuning fork that provides high E stringed pitch (329.63 Hz) is also common.
Guitars are conventionally instruments that have the same temperament. Frets are positioned logarithmically, creating equally-tempered tones throughout each string. However, a guitarist who listens through the ear will usually set "clean" so that the dissonance disconnection between certain strings is minimized. In this way, the open interval can be more consonant. This is known as intonation only, which is different from the same temperament. When the guitar is tuned in this way, the tune is open theoretically allowing the particular chord to become more consonant.
The standard tuning provides a fairly simple fingering (left hand motion) to play standard scales and basic chords across all major and minor keys. The separation of the first string (high E) and second (B), as well as the separation between the third string (G), the fourth (D), the fifth (A), and six (low E) by the five semitones interval (perfect fourth) chromatic to play with each of the four left-hand fingers controlling one of the first four frets (index finger on fret 1, pinkie on fret 4, etc.) only when the hand is in the first position; otherwise the four fingers should stretch to cover the five frets.
Open notes of the second (B) and third (G) strings are separated by four semitone intervals (one-third). This tuning pattern (low) quarter, one major-third, and fourth inherited by the guitar from its predecessor's instrument, the viol. On the other hand, the three irregular main ones break the fingering pattern of scales and chords, so the guitarist has to memorize some chord-shapes for each chord. Scales and chords are simplified with three-thirds tuning and all-fourth tuning, which is a regular tuning that maintains the same musical interval between consecutive open string notes.
Alternative
Alternate ("alternate") tuning refers to setting an open-string string other than the tuning standard. Such alternative tuning arrangements offer different gifts, chord sounds, and fingering. Tuning is a common alternative in folk music, where guitars can mimic a variety of ethnic instruments and modal tunes, and can be called to produce drones. Alternative tuning always changes the shape of common chord fingers associated with standard tuning, which facilitates the playback of some nonstandard chords at the expense of some standard chord difficulties.
Some of the barrel is used for certain songs by professional musicians, and can be named according to the title track. There are hundreds of such barrels, which are often minor variants of other alternate barrels. Some barrel alternatives are used regularly by guitarist communities who share musical traditions, such as American folk music or Celtic folk music.
Hundreds of alternative tunings have been classified into a number of smaller categories: dropped, open, both major and minor (cross records), capital, instrumental (based on other string instruments), and various ("special").
String gauge
Some alternative tunings are difficult or even impossible to achieve with conventional guitar string strings, which have gauges optimized for standard tuning. With conventional sets, some higher tunings increase the strain-tension to play requires more finger strength and stamina or even until the strings are locked or the guitar is curved; with a lower barrel, the strings may be loose and buzzing. Therefore, many alternative tunings benefit from repeating the guitar with selected string gauges to optimize certain tunes by using lighter strings for higher tones (to lower the voltage) and heavier strings for lower tones (for prevent rope cordage); The tone is also negatively affected by the wrong string gauge selection.
Maps Guitar tunings
Dropped tunings
The downhill setting starts with a standard tuning and usually lowers the tone ("drops") just a single string, or (rarely) two strings. This is almost always the lowest pitched string (E) on the guitar, although sometimes the A strings may be lowered. Tuning Drop D, for example, is common in classical guitars and heavy metal music. For that reason, the low E string is set to one complete step, to low D, and the remainder of the guitar remains in the standard tuning. This creates an open 'power chord' (three-fifth note) with three low strings (DAD). Many heavy rock guitarists have adopted the "Low C" tuning by dropping a 2-step low string intact to C, or Drop D setting the whole step to the whole string. In many cases, Drop C requires a heavier gauge string to maintain the tone and prevent buzzing of the fret.
Open the barrel
The open setting allows the chord to be played by strumming when "open" (no string is misled). Open tunings can be either chordal or capital. In chordal open tunings, a basic chord consists of at least three different pitch classes, and can include all strings or subset. Tuning is named for the basic chord when played open, usually the major chord, and all the same chords on a chromatic scale can then be played by limiting all strings on a single fret. Open tuning is commonly used in blues and folk music. Tuning is often used in playing slide-guitar and lap-slide ("Hawaii"), and key music sagging Hawaii. RyCooder uses an open tuning as he plays the slide guitar.
The same temperament is used in modern music because it facilitates music playback in any key, as opposed to only intonations that only support certain keys, all other keys sounded more or less "out of sync". Open tuning, however, can be an exception:
Relative to the 'pure' thirds in the overtone series, the similarity of the big three-width temperament by the overheated 14 cents, and narrowing the third minor with 16 cents more terrible (1 cent is one hundred (1 percent) of semitone). So, note 3 (f ? ) from the D-major chord, and ? 3 note (f) D minor chord, may sound much better/more pleasing to the ear if they are adjusted down or up, respectively. Unfortunately, making such adjustments in standard tuning - and in most other settings - is unacceptable, as it is impossible to set audible tones on certain strings individually; adjusting the intonation of the strings affects the intonation of all the notes located underneath... some of which will be 1, 4, and 5 notes of other chords. Because these notes are not shifted (or only slightly displaced) by any temperament, any adjustment to 'increase' the tone intonation of a chord will only remove the other chords that are not aligned.
Our 'open' tuning (whose strings are open to form simple chords) is the only exception to this rule. As far as we play with slides (like Delta blues players) or with a single finger striped or some other handle (Keith Richards) which basically just moves up and down the neck... then 3 of the chords can be tuned more or less "pure" , as in the series of sacred tones. In open-G tuning (GGDGBD), 3 (b) of open-G major-triads are in string 2. If we barre or use slides to play chord IV (C) on fretÃ, 5, 3 of that chord (e) still in string 2... like when we slide into V chord, or chord ? VII, or octave. As long as we do not want to introduce another chord shape, our adjustment to string 2 will not break anything. If we play with slides, this is more or less guaranteed.
Open tuning allows "better" intonation of certain chords from non-open tuning, as they allow open strings to be placed only in intonation, reducing the 'error' of a third in the same temperament tuning. For example, in G-G tuning G-G-D-G-B-D tuning, the interval (G, B) is the third major, and of course any consecutive note pairs on G- and B-strings are also the third major; Similarly, the third minor open string (B, D) induces small thirds among all frets of B- and D-strings. Of all the intervals in the same temperament, the three have the greatest deviations compared with only intonation:
Sonny Landreth, Keith Richards and other open-G masters often lowered the second string slightly so that the three major aligns with the overtone series. This adjustment calls dissonance, and makes the single-finger major chord come alive.
Repeated recurring tuning is used for two non-Spanish classical guitars. For British guitars, the open chords are C major (C-E-G-C-E-G); for the Russian guitar, which has seven strings, G major (G-B-D-G-B-D-G). Mixing four perfect and one-third small together with one-third, this barrel averages a large-thirds regular adjustment. While the average major-third tuning is a conventional open tuning, the three-thirds tuning is an unconventional open tuning, since they have an additional triad as an open chord.
When an open string is a minor chord, open tuning can sometimes be called a cross-note setting.
Main key settings
Large main-tuning gives the major chord with an open string.
Open tuning often sets the lowest open records to C, D, or E and they often set the highest open records to D or E; setting an open string from E to D or C avoids the risk of termination of a string, which is associated with a string setting. The most popular open shoots have an open string pattern
- R-5-R-5-R-3 (Open C),
- R-5-R-3-5-R (Open D and E),
- 5-R-5-R-3-5 (Open G)
where R, 3, and 5 represent the main, third or fifth major, triad roots. In these laras, the roots are repeated three or more times, and the fifth is perfect two or three times; the third is very important. In repeated open tune, the three main main double triads are duplicated; in non-recurring open barrel, the third major is not duplicated. The seventh chord is often played by eliminating the fifth supreme perfect; when the fifth or other perfect record is omitted from the chord, the third major tone is maintained.
Open D
The Open D tuning D-A-D-F ? -A-D, also called "Vestopol" tuning, is one of the most common open barrel used by European and American guitarists who work with alternate barrel. There are many examples listed, including Joni Mitchell ("Big Yellow Taxi"), Bruce Cockburn ("Sunwheel Dance"), Leo Kottke (many songs glide), John Fahey (some songs) and more. The popular Allman Brothers instrumental "Little Martha" using open D tuning raised one half step, giving the E open? tuning with the same interval relationship as open D.
Open C
The British guitar uses a recurring open-C tuning (with a distinct open record C-E-G-C-E-G) approaching the major tuning-thirds. The C-G-C-G-C-E tuning was used by William Ackerman for "Townsend Shuffle" and by John Fahey for his award to Mississippi John Hurt.
The CCGCEG setting uses several harmonic (note) sequences of note C. When the C-note strings open are hit, the harmonic sequence starts with the C, C, G, C, E, G, B records. , C. The alignment of these tones is modified by Mick Ralphs, who uses high C rather than high G for "Can not Get Enough" at Bad Company . Ralphs said, "It takes C open to have that ring," and "it never really sounds right in the standard tuning". Ralphs wrote these songs in the G key on the guitar in Open-G tuning.
Go to G
The open-C tuning of Mick Ralphs was originally an open-G tuning, which recorded six initial tones of G, namely G-G-D-G-B-D; Ralphs uses open-G tuning for "Hey Hey" and while writing a demo "Can not Get Enough".
The G-G-D-G-B-D open G setting is used by Joni Mitchell for "Electricity", "For Rose" and "Hunter (Good Samaritan)". Cutting this tune into G-D-G-B-D for his five-guitar guitar, Keith Richards plays these notes on The Rolling Stones "Honky Tonk Women", "Brown Sugar" and "Start Me Up".
The Russian guitar uses the D-G-B-D-G-B-D open-G tuning, which contains mostly small and thirds.
Make any type of open settings
All types of chordal tuning can be achieved, simply by using the notes in the chord and setting the strings to the tones. For example, A sus4 has notes A, D, E. By setting the string to just those notes, it creates tuning A sus4 chordal. Because the power chord uses only two notes, tuning the five chords using the repetition of the two notes.
(This is an open chordal tuning for the guitar, but the bass player can also use it by omitting the last two strings.)
Minor or cross-note
Cross-tone adjustment includes a third minor, giving minor chords with open strings. The third-minor fretting string on the first fret produces a third-major, allowing the single-finger friction of the major chord. Conversely, it is more difficult to fret minor chords using the major open-chord tuning.
Cross-note E-minor is used by Bukka White and Skip James.
Other open chordal shoots
Some guitarists choose open tuning that uses more complicated chords, which gives them more intervals available on open strings. C 6 , E 6 , E 7 , E 6/9 and another such barrel is common among laps steel players such as Hawaiian slash-key guitarists and country guitarists, and sometimes also applied to ordinary guitars by bottleneck players who seek to imitate these styles. The general connection C 6 , for example, is C-E-G-A-C-E, which provides third major and minor open, open six and six major, minor, and octave. In contrast, most small opening or minor tuning only provides octaves, fifths, and either one-third/six large or one-third small/sixth - but not both. Don Helms from Hank Williams band preferred C 6 tuning; the key-loose artist Henry Kaleialoha Allen uses a modified C 6/7 (C 6 tunes with B ? ); Harmon Davis likes tuning E 7 ; David Gilmour has been using G 6 open/open tuning .
Capital Setup
Capital flows are open strains where open guitar strings do not produce chords (ie, major or minor, or variants of them). Strings can be set to exclusively present a single interval (all quarters, all fifths etc.) or they can be set to non-tertian chords (unfinished suspensions like E-A-B-E-A-E, for example). The open capital setting can use only one or two pitch classes in all strings (like, for example, some metal guitarists that set each string to E or B, forming "power chords" of ambiguous minor tones/major).
The popular capital settings include D Capital (D-G-D-G-B-E) and C Capital (C-G-D-G-B-D).
Regular settings
In the standard tuning, there is an interval between one-third of the second and third strings, and all other intervals are one quarter. Irregularities have a price. Chords can not be moved around the fretboard in standard E-A-D-G-B-E tuning, which requires four chord-shapes for the major chord. There are separate chords for chords that have note roots on the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth strings.
In contrast, the regular barrel has the same interval between the strings, so it has a symmetrical scale along the fretboard. This makes it easier to translate the chords. For regular tuning, chords can be moved diagonally around the fretboard. The diagonal movement of the chord is very simple for regular repetitive tuning, where chords can be moved vertically: Chords can be moved three strings up (or down) in three-tuning and the chord can be moved two strings up (or down) in tuning augmented-fourths. Regular tuning is thus appealing to new guitarists as well as to jazz-guitarists, whose improvisation is simplified with regular intervals.
On the other hand, the five-and-six-string open chords ("cowboy chords") are more difficult to play with regular tuning than at the standard tuning. Instructional literature uses standard tuning. Traditionally, a course starts with a hand in the first position, that is, with a fret of 1-4 left hand. Beginning players first learn open strings which are the main keys C, Ã, G, and D. Guitarists who play chords are especially open on these three main buttons and their relative minor keys (Am, Ã, Em, Ã, Bm) may prefer tuning more standard regular tuning, On the other hand, minor-thirds tuning displays many barre chords with recurring notes, properties that appeal to acoustic guitarists and beginners.
Major three and quarter perfect
The standard tuning mixes a large third (M3) with a perfect quarter. Regular tuning based on the big three or the top three is perfectly used, for example, in jazz.
All quarters set E 2 -A 2 -D 3 -G 3 -C 4 -F 4 store the four lowest standard tuning tunes, turning the three major into a perfect four. Jazz musician Stanley Jordan stated that all four tunes "simplify the fingerboard, make it logical".
Major-thirds tuning (M3 tuning) is a regular tuning in which musical intervals between successive strings each of the big three-thirds, for example E 2 -G ? 2 -C 3 -E 3 -G ? 3 -C 4 . Unlike all-fourth and all-fifth tuning, M3 tuning repeats its octave after three strings, which simplifies chord learning and improvisation. This repetition provides the guitarist with many chances to play the chords. With six strings, the major-third tuning has a smaller range than the standard tuning; with seven strings, the major-third tuning includes a standard tuning range on six strings.
Major tuning requires less hand stretching than the other barrel, because each M3 setting packs twelve octave tones into four consecutive frets. The third major interval allows the minor and minor chords to be played with two or three successive fingers on two consecutive frets.
Chord inversion is very simple in tuning major-thirds. The chord reverses simply by lifting one or two notes of three strings. The raised tone is played with the same finger as the original note. In contrast, triad inversions in the standard and fourth tuning require three fingers in the four fret range, in the standard tuning, the inversion shape depends on the involvement of the major major.
All five and "new default settings"
- C 2 -G 2 -D 3 -A 3 -E 4 -B 4
All-fifth tuning is tuning in the interval of a perfect fifth such as a mandolin or violin; Other names include the "fifth perfect" and "fifth". It has a wide range. Implementation is not possible with nylon and difficult string with conventional steel strings. High B makes the first string very fast, and consequently the conventionally measured strings will break easily.
The all-fifth tuning variation is used by jazz-guitarist Carl Kress. The bottom four strings are set in the fifth position and the top two strings tuned in three parts produce Bb-F-C-G-B-D. This results in the formation of tenor banjo on four lower strings and banjo plektrum formation on the top four strings. Tuning is also used by contemporary jazz guitarist New York, Marty Grosz.
The All-fifth setting has been approached by the so-called "New Standard Tuning" (NST) of King Crimson Robert Fripp, the NST replacing high-G all-fifths' high G with G. To build chords, Fripp uses "perfect intervals in a quarter, fifths and octaves", so avoid a small third and especially a big third, sharp in the same temperament tuning (compared to three in intonation). It is a challenge to adjust the conventional guitars to the new standard tuning, which is based on all-fifth tuning. Some jazz chords that are voiced with sound become impractical on NST and all fifth tuning.
Instrumental adjustment
This is a tuning in which some or all of the guitar strings are returned to mimic the standard tuning of several other instruments, such as the harp, banjo, cittern, mandolin, etc. Much of this tuning will overlap with other categories, especially open. and the barrel model.
Various or "special" tuning
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments