A plantar wart is a wart that occurs at the bottom of the foot or toes. Their color is usually similar to the skin. Small black dots can occur on the surface. One or more can occur in an area. They can cause pain with pressure so that walking is difficult.
They are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Resting on the skin is necessary for infection to occur. Risk factors include the use of a communal bath, had previous warts, and poor immune function. Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms.
Treatment is only necessary if it causes symptoms. These may include salicylic acid, cryotherapy, or surgical removal. The skin above the lesions should generally be removed before treatment. In about a third to two thirds of cases they leave without special treatment, but this may take several years. Plantar warts are common. Young children and adults are most commonly affected.
Video Plantar wart
Signs and symptoms
Their color is usually similar to the skin. Small black dots can occur on the surface. One or more can occur in an area. They can cause pain with pressure as walking may be difficult.
Maps Plantar wart
Cause
Plantar warts are benign epithelial tumors commonly caused by human papillomavirus infection type 1, 2, 4, 60, or 63, but also have been caused by types 57, 65, 66, and 156. These are classified as clinical (symptomatic). The virus attacks the skin that is compromised through direct contact, possibly entering through small wounds and abrasions in the stratum corneum (the outermost layer of the skin). After infection, the warts may not be visible for several weeks or months. Due to pressure on the soles of the feet or fingers, the warts are pushed inward and hard skin layers can form on the warts. Plantar warts can be painful if left untreated.
Warts can spread through autoinoculation, by infecting nearby skin or with infected running surfaces. They can melt or develop into a group called wart mosaic.
Diagnosis
Plantar warts are small lesions that appear on the surface of the skin and usually resemble cauliflowers, with small black petechiae (small bleeding under the skin) at the center. Appropriate bleeding can occur when this is scratched. Plantar warts occur on the soles of the feet and toes. They may feel pain when standing or walking.
Plantar warts are often similar to calluses or maize, but can be distinguished by strict observations of skin striation. The legs are covered in leather striae, which are similar to foot prints. Striae skin around plantar warts; if the lesion is not plantar warts, striation continues across the top layer of skin. Plantar warts tend to be painful when the application of pressure from both sides of the lesion is rather than direct pressure, unlike calluses (which tend to hurt at direct pressure instead).
Prevention
HPV is spread by direct and indirect contact of infected hosts. Avoiding direct contact with infected surfaces such as communal changing rooms and shower floors and benches, avoiding sharing shoes and socks and avoiding contact with warts on other parts of the body and on other people's bodies can help reduce the spread of infection. Infection is less common in adults than in children.
Because all warts are contagious, precautions should be taken to avoid spreading them. Recommendations include:
- close with adhesive bandage while swimming
- wear flip-flops while using a communal showerhead
- do not share towels.
Plantar warts are not prevented by inoculation with HPV vaccine because the warts are caused by various HPV types. Gardasil protects against strains 6, 11, 16, and 18, and Cervarix protects against 16 and 18, while plantar warts are caused by strains 1, 2, 4, and 63.
Treatment
A number of treatments have proven to be effective. A 2012 review of various treatments for skin warts in other healthy people concluded the simple benefits of salicylic acid and cryotherapy appear to be similar to salicylic acid.
Drugs
Salicylic Acid - Treatment of warts by keratolysis involves peeling off dead surface skin cells with keratolytic chemicals such as salicylic acid or trichloroacetic acid. It is available in products that are sold freely or, in higher concentrations, may need to be prescribed by a doctor. 12-week daily care with salicylic acid has been shown to lead to complete wart removal in 10-15% of cases.
Formic acid - Topical acidic acid is a common treatment for plantar warts, which works by being applied over a period of time that causes the body to resist warts.
Immunotherapy - Intralesi antigen injection (mumps, candida or trichophytin antigen USP) is a new wart treatment that can trigger host immune responses to wart virus, resulting in wart resolution. Now recommended as second-line therapy.
Surgery
Liquid nitrogen - This, and similar cryosurgery methods, are general surgical treatments that work by freezing the external cell structure of warts, destroying live tissue.
Electrodikasi and surgical excision, which can produce scar tissue.
Laser surgery - This is generally the last treatment, because it is expensive and painful, but it may be necessary for large and difficult warts to heal.
Cauterization - This may be effective as a long-term treatment. As a short-term treatment, cauterization of bases with anesthetics can be effective, but this method is at risk of scarring or keloids. Rapture after surgery if necessary, as well as the risk of keloids and/or recurrence in the former surgery.
References
External links
directory
- Kutil Plantar of the Mayo Clinic web site
- Merck Manual
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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