Clothes of people in biblical times were made of wool, linen, animal skin, and possibly silk. Most of the events in the Old and New Testaments took place in ancient Israel, and thus most of the biblical clothing was ancient Hebrew clothing. They wear underwear and cloth skirts.
The full description of the dressing style among the people in the Bible is not possible because the material in hand is not sufficient. The Assyrian and Egyptian artists described what was believed to be clothing at the time, but there were several depictions of Israeli clothing. One of the few available sources on Israeli clothes is the Bible.
Video Biblical clothing
Israeli men
Undergarments
- ' ezor , ? agor
The earliest and most basic outfit is' ezor ( ay- ZOR , all pronunciations are approximate) or ? agor ( ket- AW -net < chit? N ) that are less suitable, almost the same as our long shirts. The keth? Neth appears in Assyrian art as a tight lingerie, sometimes only reaching the knee, sometimes to the ankle. In the initial form, keth? Neth without arms and even leaving the left shoulder uncovered. In time the man from his leisure wears keth? Neth with arms. In later times, anyone who is just dressed in keth? Neth is described as naked (1 Samuel 19:24, Isaiah 20: 2, 2Kings 6:30, John 21: 7); she's gotta be totally naked.
- s? dh ?? n
The rich may also wear ?? dh ?? n ( sah- DEEN ) under keth? neth . This rather long underwear has fine arms and linen.
Outerwear
- siml? h
The siml? H ( hi- MAT -ee-on ), and the ISBE concludes that "it is very similar, if not identical to, the himation of the Greek."
On that day was protection from rain and cold, and during the night when traveling, the Israelites could wrap themselves in this garment for warmth on their way to the Most High God for a party three times a year. They were asked to gather from all over the world to their holy land as the scripture says in Deuteronomy 16:16. (see Deuteronomy 24:13). The front of siml? H can also be arranged in the wide folds (see Exodus 4: 6) and all types of products can be carried in them (See 2Ka 4:39, Exodus 12:34).
Any respectable person generally wearing siml? H above keth? Neth (See Isaiah 20: 2-3), but since siml? H Jobs are blocked, whether they are left at home or deleted while working. (See Matthew 24:18). From these simple items ordinary people develop a rich mantle of ornaments from the rich, who reach from neck to knee and have short sleeves.
- me '? l
The me '? L ( m? - EEL , translated to Greek as stol? ) stands for clothing worn over underwear like a robe (1 Samuel 2:19, 1Samuel 15:27), but is used only by rank or order of priests (Mark 12). : 38, Luke 20:46, Luke 15:22). The me '?? l is an expensive pack (1 Samuel 2:19, 1Samuel 18: 4, 1Samuel 24: 5, 1Samuel 24:11) and the description of my pastor "is similar to the abaya without arms (Exodus 28:31, Antiquities, III, vii.4).This, like the me of the high priest, may have reached only to the knee, but usually should be a long-sleeved outfit made of light cloth.
In the next period, the nobles used siml? H , or replace it, a large and widely folded state coat ( adderet , - DERR -et or ma'a? Afah ) is made of rich material (See Isaiah 3: 22), imported from Babylon (Joshua 7:21). The leather garment worn by the prophets is called by the same name because of its width.
Religious accessories
- ? I? it
The Torah commanded that the Israelites wear tassels or fringes (? I? It , tsee- TSEET ) cling to the corners of clothing (see Deuteronomy 22:12, Numbers 15: 38-39). Numbers 15:39 notes that tassels should serve as a reminder to keep the commandments of the Lord.
- tefillin
Phylacteries or tefillin (Hebrew: ?????????) is a box containing biblical verses attached to the forehead and arms with leather bands, and are used by the New Testament times (see Matthew 23). : 5).
Headwear
The depiction shows some Hebrew and Syrians bare-headed or just wearing a band to unite the hair. The Hebrews no doubt also wore a headdress similar to the modern keffiyeh, a large square piece of woolen cloth folded diagonally into triangular shapes. The folds are worn on the forehead, with loose keffiyeh on the back and shoulders, often held in place by a circle of ropes. Men and women from the upper classes wore a kind of turban, cloth wrapped around their heads. The shape is very varied.
Footwear
- na'alayim
Sandals ( na'alayim ) of leather are used to protect the feet from burning sand and moisture. It may also be wooden sandals, with leather straps (Genesis 14:23, Isaiah 5:27). Sandals are not worn at home or in the sanctuary (see (Exodus 3: 5), Joshua 5:15). Walking without sandals is a sign of great poverty (Deuteronomy 25:19) or mourning (2 Samuel 15:30, Ezekiel 24: 17,23).
Maps Biblical clothing
Israelite priest
The Torah provided for special clothing was worn by the priests while ministering in the temple. These outfits are described in detail in Exodus 28, Exodus 39, and Leviticus 8. All priests will serve barefoot in the temple.
- The Priest
The robes that are common to all priests are:
- Priestly underwear (Hebrew michnasayim ), trousers: linen trousers that reach from waist to knee (Exodus 28:42).
- Priestly tunic (Hebrew ketonet ), tunic: made of pure linen, covering the entire body from neck to foot, with arms reaching the wrist. The priests are common (Exodus 28:40), while the High Priest is embroidered (Exodus 28:39).
- Priestly sash: The one used by priests is white linen, while the High Priest is made of fine linen with embroidery in blue and purple and red. (Exodus 28:39 39:29).
- Priestly turban (Hebrew mitznefet ): For injured priests to form a cone-shaped turban, called migbahat . It's from the High Priest much larger than the priest and the wound so as to form a flat and flat turban.
- High Priest
The high priest wears eight sacred clothes ( bigdei kodesh ). Of these, four of the same kind are worn by all priests, and four are unique to them. The unique outfits are:
- Priestly ( me'il ) robes ("Robe of the ephod"): sleeveless, blue, lower robe decorated with small gold bells alternating with pomegranate-blue tassel , purple, and red - tekhelet, argaman, tolaat shani.
- Ephod: a very thick vest or apron with two onyx gemstones on the shoulders, on which are engraved the names of the tribes of Israel
- Priestly breastplate: with twelve gems, each engraved with the name of one of the tribes; a pouch where he might carry the Urim and Thummim. It was tied to an epod
- On the front of the turban is a gold plate inscribed with words: "Holiness to YHWH" and attached to the mitznefet.
The High Priest had two sets of holy garments: the "golden garment" described above, and a white set of "white linen" ( bigdei ha-bad ) which he wore only on the Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur) Leviticus 16: 4).
Israeli women
- siml? h , keth? neth , s? dh ?? n
While women's clothing mostly deals with men: they wear siml? H and keth? Neth, they also differ in some ways from men (see Deuteronomy 22: 5). Women's clothing may be longer (compare Nahum 3: 5, Jeremiah 13:22, Jeremiah 13:26, Isaiah 47: 2), has arms (2 Samuel 13:19), perhaps brighter and more ornate, and perhaps also has a finer material. Also worn by women is sadin , linen clothing (see Isaiah 3:23, Proverbs 22:24).
- mi? pa? a? h
Next, mentioned is made of mi? Pa? A? H (tichel), a kind of veil or scarf (Ruth 3:15). This is usually just a woman's neck cloth. Besides being used by the bride or bride (Genesis 24:65), prostitutes (Gen. 38:14) and possibly others (Ruth 3: 3), a woman does not go veiling (Genesis 12:14, Genesis 24:15). The custom now in the Middle East to cover the face comes from Islam. According to ancient law, it reaches from the forehead, on the back of the head to the hips or lower, and like the neckerchief of Palestinian women in Palestine and Israel today.
Egyptian men and women
The Jews visited Egypt in the Bible from the earliest ancestors (beginning in Genesis 12: 10-20), for the flight to Egypt by Joseph, Mary, and the baby Jesus (Matthew 2: 13-23). The most striking example is the length of stay of Joseph (son of Jacob) who was sold into slavery in Genesis 29, to the Exodus from Egypt at Exodus 14, during the Second Intermediate Period and the New Kingdom. A large number of Jews (like Jeremiah) also began to live permanently in Egypt at the destruction of Jerusalem in 587 BC, during the Third Intermediate Period.
In Egypt, hemp (linen) is textile in almost exclusive use. The wool worn by the Israelites is known, but is considered unholy as the animal fibers are considered taboo. Wool can only be used for coats (they are forbidden in temples and sacred places). Egyptian fashion was created to remain cool while in the hot desert. People from the lower classes wear only a loincloth (or schenti ) that is common to everyone. Slaves often work naked. Sandals braided with leather or, especially for bureaucratic and priesthood classes, papyrus. Egyptians are usually barefoot. The most common headdresses are klafta or nemes, square striped cloth worn by men.
Clothes are common to both sexes, such as tunics and robes. Around 1425 to 1405 BC, a thin tunic or a popular short sleeve shirt, as well as a pleated skirt. Women often wear a simple sheath dress, and women's clothing remains unchanged for several millennia, except for small details. Clothes wrapped, with very large rolls, giving the impression of wearing some goods. Royalty clothing, like the crown of the pharaohs, is well documented. Pardalide (made from leopard skin) is traditionally used as a dress for priests.
Wigs, common to both sexes, are worn by wealthy people. Made from real human hair and horses, they have ornaments inserted into them. Heads shaved. Usually children are represented with one lock of hair left on the side of their head.
Heavy and rather thick jewelry is very popular, regardless of social class. It's made of turquoise, metal like gold and silver, and small beads. Both men and women adorn themselves with brightly colored earrings, bracelets, rings, necklaces and collar necklaces.
Greek Greek men and women
The Greeks and Greek culture entered the world of Israel beginning with the First Maccabees. Likewise the New Testament narrative (written in Greek) enters the Greek world beginning around Acts 13.
Clothing in ancient Greece consisted mainly of chiton, peplos, himation, and chlamys. Despite the popular imagination and depiction of all-white media outfits, elaborate designs and bright colors are preferred. Greek clothing consists of linen or wool, which is generally rectangular. Clothes are secured with clasps or pin-pins and belts, sashes, or belts that can secure the waist.
- Peplos, Chitons
The inner tunic is a peplos or chiton. Peplos is worn by women. Usually it is a heavier, more typical Greek wool garment, with a shoulder hinge. The top of the peplos is folded to the waist to form apoptygma. Chiton is a simple tunic clothing of lighter linen, worn by both sexes and all ages. Chiton man is hanging on the knee, while female chiton falls into their ankles. Often chitons are shown as pleated.
- Chlamys, Himation
The chlamys are made of a smooth rectangular wool material worn by men as robes. The basic outer garment during the winter is a himation, a larger robe worn over peplos or chlamys. Heration has the most influence possible in later mode.
Roman Roman men and women
General Roman Pompey entered Jerusalem in 37 BC, ending Jewish national independence. During the New Testament narrative, Judea was ruled by local client kings to the Roman Empire or as a Roman province under Roman officials.
- Toga
Perhaps the most important item in the ancient Roman wardrobe was a toga, a one-piece woolen garment draped over the shoulders and under the body. Togas can be wrapped in different ways, and they become larger and more volumes over the centuries. Some innovations are really fashionable. Because it's not easy to wear a toga without tripping or hanging the curtain, some variations in wraps serve a practical function. Another style is required, for example, to cover the head during the ceremony.
The judges and high priests wore a special toga with a reddish purple band on the lower edge, called praetexta toga as an indication of their status. The toga candida , a whitened toga, worn by political candidates. Prostitutes wear muliebris toga , rather than tunics worn by most women. The toga pulla is dark and used for mourning, while toga purpurea , of purple-dyed wool, is used in the heyday and by the Roman emperor.
After the transition of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire at c. 44 BC, only men who are Roman citizens wearing a toga. Women, slaves, foreigners, and others who are not Roman citizens wear robes and are prohibited from wearing a toga. In the same way, the Romans were asked to wear a toga when doing business officially. Over time, the toga evolved from a national into a ceremonial costume. Different types of togas indicate age, profession, and social rank.
- Tunes, etc.
At first the toad was worn by all the Romans; Free citizens are asked to wear a toga. because only slaves and children wear tunic. In the 2nd century BC, however, it was worn on the tunics, and the tunic became the basic outfit. Women wear outerwear known as stola, which is a long dress similar to Greek robes.
Many other styles of clothing are worn and also familiar in the images seen in the artwork of that period. Clothing can be highly specialized, for example, for warfare, certain occupations, or for sports. In ancient Rome, female athletes wore leather pants and bras for maximum coverage but the ability to compete.
See also
- Israeli fashion
- The history of clothing and textiles
- Timeline of clothing and textile technology
- Clothing in ancient Egypt
- Clothing in ancient Greece
- Clothing in ancient Rome
References
Source
This entry combines text from the public domain of the International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, originally published in 1915.
This article incorporates text from publications now in the public domain: Ã, Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901-1906). "Costume". Jewish Encyclopedia . New York: Funk & amp; Wagnalls Company.
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External links
- International Standard Bible Encyclopedia - Dress
- Jewish Encyclopedia - Costume: In BALANCE
- Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge - Clothing and Ornaments, Hebrew
- Encyclopaedia Biblica - Dress (Ephod, Girdle, Mantle, Shoes, Tunic, Turban, Veil)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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