Hiking is a preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for long, strong strolls, usually on footpaths, in the countryside, while walking is used for shorter trips , especially in urban areas. On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and Republic of Ireland, the word "walk" is acceptable to describe all forms walking, whether it is a walk in the park or a picnic in the Alps. The word climb is also often used in England, along with rambling (rather old-fashioned terms), climbing the hill , and falling running widely used for climbing hills in northern England). The term bushwalking is endemic in Australia, which was adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927. In New Zealand, a long, heavy walk or hike is called tramping . This is a popular activity with many climbing organizations around the world, and research shows that all forms of walking have health benefits.
Video Hiking
Related terms
In the United States, Canada, Republic of Ireland, and the United Kingdom, climbing means walking outdoors on the path, or off the track, for recreational purposes. Day hikes refer to increments that can be completed in one day. However, in the UK, walking is also used, as well as long-winded, while walking in a mountainous area called hillwalking. In Northern England, Including the Lakes District and the Yorkshire Dales, walks on the sidelines depicting hills or mountains, as falling is a common word for both features there.
Hiking sometimes involves bushwhacking and is sometimes referred to as such. This specifically refers to the difficult walk through dense forests, shrubs, or bushes, where forward progress requires pushing plants to the side. In the extreme case of bushwhacking, where the vegetation is so dense that the human part is inhibited, the machete is used to clear the path. The term Australian bush refers to both on and off-trail climbing. The general term for hiking used by New Zealanders is tramping (especially for overnight and longer trips), walking or walking in the bush. Trekking is the preferred word used to describe multi-day climbing in mountain areas of India, Pakistan, Nepal, North America, South America, Iran and in the East African highlands. Climbing long-distance trails from end to end is also referred to as trekking and hiking in several places. In North America, a multi-day hike, usually by camping, is referred to as backpacking.
Maps Hiking
History
The idea for a rural walk for fun developed in the 18th century, and arose because of changes in attitude towards the landscape and nature associated with the Romantic movement. In earlier periods of walking generally showed poverty and was also associated with vagrancy.
United Kingdom
Thomas West, an English clergyman, popularized the idea of ​​walking for pleasure in his guide to the Lake District 1778. In the introduction he wrote that he aims
to encourage a sense of visiting the lake by equipping travelers with a Guide; and for that purpose, the authors here are collected and put before him, all the stations and points of view of choice, noted by the authors who last toured the lake, verified by his repeated observations.
For this purpose he incorporates various 'stations' or viewpoints around the lake, from which tourists will be encouraged to enjoy the view in terms of their aesthetic qualities. Published in 1778 the book was a great success.
Another famous early exponent of the walk for pleasure, was the English poet William Wordsworth. In 1790 he embarked on a long tour of France, Switzerland, and Germany, a journey that was later recorded in his long autobiographical poem The Prelude (1850). His famous poem Tintern Abbey was inspired by a visit to the Wye Valley made during a walking tour of Wales in 1798 with his brother Dorothy Wordsworth. Wordsworth's friend Coleridge was a sharp hiker and in the fall of 1799, he and Wordsworth toured three weeks in the Lake District. John Keats, who is the next generation of Romantic poets began, in June 1818, toured Scotland, Ireland and the Lake District with his friend Charles Armitage Brown.
More and more people are doing a walking tour through the 19th century, the most famous is probably the journey of Robert Louis Stevenson through CÃÆ' Â © vennes in France with the donkey, which is recorded in his book Travels with a Donkey (1879). ). Stevenson also published in 1876 his famous essay "Walking Tours". The travel-writing subgenre produced many classical works in the twentieth century. An early American example of a book describing a long walk on foot was the naturalist John Muir A Thousand Mile Walk to the Gulf (1916), a posthumously published report on a long botanical journey, conducted in the year 1867.
Due to industrialization in the UK, people are beginning to migrate to cities where living standards are often narrow and unhealthy. They will escape from the borders of the city by babbling in the countryside. However, the land in England, especially around the urban areas of Manchester and Sheffield, is privately owned and violations are illegal. Wandering clubs soon sprang up in the north and began politically campaigning for legal 'wandering rights'. One of the first clubs, the 'Sunday Tramps' was founded by Leslie White in 1879. The first national grouping, Federation of Rambling Clubs, was formed in London in 1905 and is heavily protected by the nobility.
Access to the mountains of bills, which would govern the 'right to roam' public on some private lands, was periodically presented to Parliament from 1884 to 1932 without success. Finally, in 1932, the Rambler Right Movement arranged a mass violation on Kinder Scout in Derbyshire. Despite efforts by the police to prevent a violation from going ahead, it was achieved due to massive publicity. But the Mount Access bill passed in 1939 was opposed by many pedestrian organizations, including The Ramblers, who felt that it was not enough to protect their rights, and was eventually repealed.
Efforts to increase access led after World War II to the Park and Access to the Rural Act of 1949, and in 1951 for the creation of the first national park in England, the Peak District National Park. The establishment of this and other national parks helps improve access for all outdoor enthusiasts. The Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 greatly expanded the right to explore in England and Wales.
United States
Early examples of interest in hiking in the United States, Abel Crawford and his son Ethan cleared the path to the summit of Mount Washington, New Hampshire in 1819. This 8.5 mile long trail is the oldest continuous climbing route in the United States. Union. The influence of English and European Romanticism reached North America through a transcendentalist movement, and both Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-82) and Henry David Thoreau (1817-62) were an important influence on the outward movement of North American homes. Thoreau's writings on nature and walk include "Walking" (1862) published posthumously. "The previous essay" A Walk to Wachusett "(1842) describes the four-day walking tour that Thoreau took with a colleague from Concord, Massachusetts to the summit of Mount Wachusett, Princeton, Massachusetts and back. In 1876 Appalachian Mountain Club, the earliest recreational organization in America, was established to protect roads and mountains in the northeastern United States.
The German-born naturalist John Muir (1838-1914), was an important early advocate of wilderness conservation in the United States. He appealed to the US Congress for a National Park bill passed in 1890, setting up Yosemite National Park and Sequoia. The Sierra Club, which he founded, is now one of the most important conservation organizations in the United States. The spiritual qualities and enthusiasm for nature expressed in his writings inspire others, including presidents and congressmen, to take action to help preserve large areas of undeveloped countryside. He is today referred to as "The Father of the National Park". In 1916, the National Park Service was created to protect national parks and monuments.
In 1921, Benton MacKaye, a forester, understood the idea of ​​America's first national trail, the Appalachian trail, and this was completed in August 1937, walking from Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine to Georgia. The Pacific Crest Trail ("PCT") was first explored in 1930 by the YMCA hiking group and eventually listed as a complete frontier for the border trail from Mexico to Canada.
The goal of significant hiking
See also: National Park; England and Wales National Parks; from Canada; New Zealand, South Africa, etc.
On the Continent of Europe among the most popular areas for hiking are the Alps, and in the United Kingdom Lake District, Snowdonia, and the Scottish Highlands. In the US National Park systems are generally popular, while in Canada the Rockies of Alberta and British Columbia are the most popular climbing areas. The most visited hiking area in Asia is probably Nepal. The Inca line to Machu Picchu is probably the shortest hiked path in South America.
Hiking distance
Oftentimes long-distance travel (walking) is done along long-haul routes, including the National Trails in England and Wales, Kungsleden (Sweden) and the National Trail System in the United States. Grande Rota (Portugal), Gran Recorrido (Spain) is a long-distance track network in Europe, mostly in France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Spain. There are widespread networks in other European countries from long-distance lanes, as well as in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Nepal, and at lower levels of other Asian countries, such as Turkey, Israel and Jordan. In the Austrian Alps, Slovenia, Switzerland, Germany, France, and Italy, walking tours are often made from 'hut-to-hut', using a vast mountain hut system.
By the end of the 20th century there had been the proliferation of official and unofficial long-haul routes, which meant that pedestrians were now more likely to refer to long distance (UK), trail (USA), Grande Randonnà ©  © e (France) etc., Instead of starting a walking tour. Early examples of long haul paths include the Appalachian Line in the US and Pennine Way in the UK. The pilgrimage route is now treated, by some pedestrians, as a long-haul route, and the route taken by the British National Line, North Downs Way closely follows Pilgrim Road to Canterbury.
Tools
The equipment needed to climb depends on the length of the climb, but the climbers of the day generally carry at least water, food, maps, and raindrop equipment. Climbers usually wear sturdy hiking boots for mountain climbing and backpacking, as protection from rugged terrain, and provide increased stability. The Mountaineers Club recommends a list of "Ten Essential" equipment for climbing, including compasses, climbing poles, sunglasses, sunscreens, flashlights, first aid boxes, fire triggers, and knives. Other groups recommend items such as hats, gloves, mosquito repellent, and emergency blankets. GPS navigation devices can also help and route cards can be used as a guide.
Supporters of ultralight backpacking argue that the long list of items needed for a few days increase increases the weight of the pack, and hence fatigue and possible injury. Instead, they recommend reducing the weight of the package, to make long distance hiking easier. Even the use of hiking boots for long-distance climbing is still controversial among ultralight pedestrians, because of their weight.
Hiking time can be approximated by Naismith rules or climbing functions of Tobler, while distance can be measured on a map with an opisometer. Pedometer is a tool that records the running distance.
Environmental impact
The natural environment is often fragile, and may be inadvertently damaged, especially when large numbers of pedestrians are involved. For example, years of collecting wood can disarm valuable alpine areas of nutrients, and can lead to deforestation; and some species, such as martens or bighorn sheep, are very sensitive to human presence, especially around the breeding season. Generally, protected areas such as parks have regulations to protect the environment, thus minimizing the impact. Such regulations include banning wood burning, restricting camping at established camp sites, disposing or packing garbage, and enforcing quotas for the number of climbers. Many pedestrians support the Leave No Trace philosophy, following strict practice in handling food waste, food packaging, and other environmental impacts.
Human waste is often a major source of environmental impact from climbing, and can contaminate the flow of water and make other climbers sick. 'Katoles' digging depths of 10 to 25 cm (4 to 10 inches), depending on the composition of local soils and covered after use, at least 60 m (200 ft) from water sources and pathways, are recommended to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination.
Fire is a particular source of danger, and individual pedestrians can have a major impact on the ecosystem. For example, in 2005, a Czech backpacker burned 7% of Torres del Paine National Park in Chile by dropping a portable stove.
Etiquette
Sometimes pedestrian action can lead to conflicts with other users on the ground. Climbing ethics has been developed to minimize the disturbance. Common hiking etiquette includes:
- When two groups of hikers meet on a steep road, the habit has evolved in some areas where the uphill moving group has the right path.
- The migrants generally avoid making loud noises, such as shouting or loud conversations, playing music, or using cell phones. However, in the bear country, climbers make noise as a safety precaution through the use of whistles or bells.
- The migrants tend to avoid influences on the land they pass. Climbers can avoid the impact by staying on a predetermined path, not picking up crops, or harassing wildlife, and bringing out the trash. The Leave No Trace Movement offers a set of guidelines for low impact climbing: "Do not leave anything but footprints, do not take anything but photographs, kill anything but time, save anything but memories".
- Feeding wild animals is dangerous and may harm animals and others.
Dangers
As discussed in outdoor recreation hazards, ascent may result in threats to personal safety, from causes such as hazardous terrain, poor weather, lost, or exacerbations of pre-existing medical conditions. This dangerous condition and/or certain accidents or illnesses experienced by pedestrians may include, for example, diarrhea, one of the most common diseases affecting long-distance pedestrians in the United States. (See Wilderness acquires diarrhea.)
Additional potential hazards involving physical illness may include dehydration, frostbite, hypothermia, sunburn, or sunburn, or injuries such as ankle sprain, or fractures.
Other threats may be animal attacks (such as mammals (eg Bear), reptiles (eg Snakes), or insects) or contact with harmful plants that can cause rashes (eg Poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac, or nettle sting). Attacks by humans are also a reality in some places, and lightning is also a threat, especially in the highlands.
Glacier crossings are potentially dangerous due to the potential for crevasses. The giant crack in the ice is not always visible because the snow can be blown and frozen over it to create a snow bridge. To cross the glacier, the use of ropes, crampons and ice axes is usually necessary. Deep and fast-flowing streams cause other hazards that can be reduced by rope.
In many countries, the border may be poorly marked. In 2009, Iran imprisoned three Americans for hiking across the Iran-Iraq border. It is illegal to cross into the US on the Pacific Crest Trail from Canada. Going south to north is easier and crossings can be done, if advanced settings are made with Canada Border Services. In the Schengen Region, which covers most of E.U., and related countries such as Switzerland and Norway, there are no obstacles to crossing by road, and the borders are not always clear.
See also
- Bivouac shelter
- Outdoor literature
Type
- Climb a dog - hiking with a dog carrying a rucksack
- climbing Llama
- Nordic Walking - fitness goes with the pole
- Randomization - rock climbing or "non-technical" mountain climbing, or "technical" climbing
- Swim
- Waterfalls - aka hunting waterfalls and hiking waterfalls, climbing with the goal of finding and enjoying the waterfall
Path
View: List of remote paths
- Grande RandonnÃÆ' Â © e
Related activities
- Cross-country skiing - a form of ski trip equivalent to running or climbing in the snow
- Falling running - English and Welsh sports ran on rough mountain ground, often off track. Known as a hill that operates in Scotland and Ireland. The equation exists with running mountains
- Geocaching - outdoor treasure hunting game
- Orienteering - a running sport involving navigation with maps and compasses
- Peak pocketing - climb to the top of the mountain
- River trekking - a combination of trekking and climbing and sometimes swimming along the river
- Rogaining - long distance cross-country navigation sport
- Diving Snow - how to climb in deep snow
- Trail blazing - known as a pointer in Europe
- Traces running - running on the path
References
Bibliography
- Amata, Joseph, In the Foot, A History of Walking . New York: New York University Press, 2004.
- Gros, FrÃÆ' © dÃÆ' Â © ric. A Philosophy of Walking , trans. by John Howe. London, New York: Verso, 2014.
- Solnit, Rebecca, Wanderlust: A History of Walking . London: Penguin Books, 2001.
External links
- Recreation: Outdoors: Hiking on Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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